Evidence map›Paper›PMID 14973374›Full record

ArticleJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2003

Functional development of the mammary gland: use of expression profiling and trajectory clustering to reveal changes in gene expression during pregnancy, lactation, and involution.

Michael C Rudolph, James L McManaman, Larry Hunter, Tzulip Phang, Margaret C Neville

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 210 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. ACSL3 regulates breast cancer progressionCancer biology & medicine · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Cellular and transcriptional diversity over the course of human lactation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Michael C RudolphDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
James L McManaman
Larry Hunter
Tzulip Phang
Margaret C Neville
University of Colorado Health · USUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · US

Funding

The functional role of microRNAs in the normal mammary glandP01HD038129 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI ANDERSON, STEVEN M · 2000 to 2015
$15.2M
The Heritable Transcriptome and AlcoholismR24AA013162 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HOFFMAN, PAULA, SABA, LAURA MAREN · 2001 to 2021
$14.2M
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN LACTATIONR37HD019547 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI NEVILLE, MARGARET C · 1993 to 2002
$856k
NIAAA NIH HHS R24 AA013162NIAAA NIH HHS R24 AA13162NICHD NIH HHS P01 HD38129NICHD NIH HHS R37 HD19547
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To characterize the molecular mechanisms by which progesterone withdrawal initiates milk secretion, we examined global gene expression during pregnancy and lactation in mice, focusing on the period around parturition. Trajectory clustering was used to profile the expression of 1358 genes that changed significantly between pregnancy day 12 and lactation day 9. Predominantly downward trajectories included stromal and proteasomal genes and genes for the enzymes of fatty acid degradation. Milk protein gene expression increased throughout pregnancy, whereas the expression of genes for lipid synthesis increased sharply at the onset of lactation. Examination of regulatory genes with profiles similar or complementary to those of lipid synthesis genes led to a model in which progesterone stimulates synthesis of TGF-beta, Wnt 5b, and IGFBP-5 during pregnancy. These factors are suggested to repress secretion by interfering with PRL and IGF-1 signaling. With progesterone withdrawal, PRL and IGF-1 signaling are activated, in turn activating Akt/PKB and the SREBPs, leading to increased lipid synthesis.

Indexed as

Cluster AnalysisGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationAnimalsFemaleLactationLipidsMammary Glands, AnimalMiceMilk ProteinsOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPregnancyPregnancy, AnimalStromal CellsTime FactorsLipidsMilk Proteins

Identifiers

PMID14973374
OpenAlexW2001708910

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.