ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
The SPANX gene family of cancer/testis-specific antigens: rapid evolution and amplification in African great apes and hominids.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid evolution of cancer/testis genes on the X chromosome.BMC genomics · 2007Trial
- Pervasive Positive Selection on X-linked Ampliconic Genes in Primates.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Molecular genetic characterization of myeloid neoplasms with idic(X)(q13) and i(X)(q10).Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- Auto-immunoproteomics analysis of COVID-19 ICU patients revealed increased levels of autoantibodies related to the male reproductive system.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Highly Selective, CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Isolation of Genes and Genomic Loci from Complex Genomes by TAR Cloning in Yeast.Current protocols · 2021Article
- The multifunctional role of SPANX-A/D protein subfamily in the promotion of pro-tumoural processes in human melanoma.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Chromosome X-wide Analysis of Positive Selection in Human Populations: Common and Private Signals of Selection and its Impact on Inactivated Genes and Enhancers.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Hypomethylated SPANXA1/A2 promotes the metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2020Article
- SPANX Control of Lamin A/C Modulates Nuclear Architecture and Promotes Melanoma Growth.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2020Article
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Human, Macaque, and Mouse Testes Uncovers Conserved and Divergent Features of Mammalian Spermatogenesis.Developmental cell · 2020Article
- Article
- Hypomethylation-activated cancer-testis gene SPANXC promotes cell metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- TAR Cloning: Perspectives for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Biotechnology.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2019Review
- Emerging Contributions of Cancer/Testis Antigens to Neoplastic Behaviors.Trends in cancer · 2018Review
- Comparative Proteomics Reveal the Association between SPANX Proteins and Clinical Outcomes of Artificial Insemination with Donor Sperm.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Analysis of Parent-of-Origin Effects on the X Chromosome in Asian and European Orofacial Cleft Triads Identifies Associations withFrontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Upregulation of TSPAN12 is associated with the colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.American journal of translational research · 2017Article
- Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning for genomics studies and synthetic biology.Chromosoma · 2016Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome (SPANX) genes comprise a gene family with five known members (SPANX-A1, -A2, -B, -C, and -D), encoding cancer/testis-specific antigens that are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. These highly similar paralogous genes cluster on the X chromosome at Xq27. We isolated and sequenced primate genomic clones homologous to human SPANX. Analysis of these clones and search of the human genome sequence revealed an uncharacterized group of genes, SPANX-N, which are present in all primates as well as in mouse and rat. In humans, four SPANX-N genes comprise a series of tandem duplicates at Xq27; a fifth member of this subfamily is located at Xp11. Similarly to SPANX-A/D, human SPANX-N genes are expressed in normal testis and some melanoma cell lines; testis-specific expression of SPANX is also conserved in mouse. Analysis of the taxonomic distribution of the long and short forms of the intron indicates that SPANX-N is the ancestral form, from which the SPANX-A/D subfamily evolved in the common ancestor of the hominoid lineage. Strikingly, the coding sequences of the SPANX genes evolved much faster than the intron and the 5' untranslated region. There is a strong correlation between the rates of evolution of synonymous and nonsynonymous codon positions, both of which are accelerated 2-fold or more compared to the noncoding sequences. Thus, evolution of the SPANX family appears to have involved positive selection that affected not only the protein sequence but also the synonymous sites in the coding sequence.
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