ReviewGut2004
Modulating the intestinal immune system: the role of lymphotoxin and GALT organs.
Review in Gut, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restoring Gut-brain Function by Medicinal Herbs Offering Neuroprotection through Suppressing Inflammatory Pathways: A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory effects of ResistAid™: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multidose study.Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2013Trial
- The role ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lymphotoxin beta receptorInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Immune Modulation with Oral DNA/RNA Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Affects the Maternal Gut Microbiota and Immune Response in Mid-Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Formation of the junctions between lymph follicles in the Peyer's patches even before postweaning activation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of lymphotoxin-alpha in pterygium and diagnostic value in active and inactive pterygium states.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Market research of infant formula milks in Spain.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- A cross-disorder study to identify causal relationships, shared genetic variants, and genes across 21 digestive disorders.iScience · 2023Article
- Effects of Schistosoma mansoni and praziquantel treatment on the lower gastrointestinal mucosa: A cohort study in Tanzania.Acta tropica · 2023Article
- Review
- LIGHT (TNFSF14) promotes the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into functional hepatocyte-like cells.PloS one · 2023Article
- The gut-liver axis in sepsis: interaction mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Review
- Article
- Appendectomy and Non-TyphoidalJournal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The impact of probiotics on gut health via alternation of immune status of monogastric animals.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2021Review
- Needs for Increased Awareness of Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Patients With Human Inborn Errors of Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Supplementation in the Suckling and the Post-weaning Diet Influences the Immune System Development of T Helper Type-2 Bias Brown Norway Rat Offspring.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- LIGHT (TNFSF14) enhances osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut associated immune system fences off potentially harmful intestinal antigens from the systemic circulation and induces systemic tolerance against luminal antigens. Intestinal immune responses against luminal antigens include IgA secretion and induction of regulatory cells. Unlike few other cytokines, lymphotoxin alpha/beta regulates the development of intestinal lymphoid organs. The embryonic development of Peyer's patches, postnatal lamina propria B cell development, and isolated lymphoid follicle development all depend on lymphotoxin beta receptor interactions. Lymphotoxin alpha/beta signalling also contributes to the development of mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, intestinal inflammation is suppressed by inhibition of lymphotoxin beta signalling, an observation which has initiated clinical studies using this treatment principal. Intestinal follicular lymphoid organs are sites of antigen presentation. Antigen presenting cells tune the delicate balance between intestinal immune tolerance and inflammation. Therefore, gut associated lymphatic organs and factors regulating their development are critical for the prevention of adverse immune reactions to intestinal antigens. This review provides an overview on the role of lymphotoxin and the gut associated lymphatic organs in the regulation of oral tolerance and intestinal inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.