ArticleKidney international2004
An ACE inhibitor reduces Th2 cytokines and TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 isoforms in murine lupus nephritis.
Article in Kidney international, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors delay the occurrence of renal involvement and are associated with a decreased risk of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus--results from LUMINA (LIX): a multiethnic US cohort.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2008Trial
- Are RAS inhibitors necessary during intensive immunosuppression for lupus nephritis? Real-world evidence from the STAR cohort.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical experience with sodium-glucose transport 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Molecular and Cellular Mediators of Renal Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the Th2 Response in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Potential Modulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) Pathway in Hypertension Development.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metabolic Modulators in Cardiovascular Complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- A new immune disease: systemic hypertension.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Should Renal Inflammation Be Targeted While Treating Hypertension?Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Exploring the Impact of ACE Inhibition in Immunity and Disease.Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS · 2022Review
- The Atrium in Atrial Fibrillation - A Clinical Review on How to Manage Atrial Fibrotic Substrates.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Autoimmune-mediated renal disease and hypertension.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2021Review
- 2020 update on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in pediatric kidney disease and its interactions with coronavirus.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Centrally Acting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Decreases Inflammation in the Periphery and the CNS in Lupus-Prone Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) Decrease the Progression of Cardiac Fibrosis in Rheumatic Heart Disease Through the Inhibition of IL-33/sST2.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2020Review
- Hypertension: a new treatment for an old disease? Targeting the immune system.British journal of pharmacology · 2019Review
- Nonproliferative Forms of Lupus Nephritis: An Overview.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2018Review
- Kallikrein-Kinin System Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses: A Novel Pathway of Interferon Regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene I/D Polymorphism Is Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Susceptibility: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Recent advances in the understanding of renal inflammation and fibrosis in lupus nephritis.F1000Research · 2017Review
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril, are used to control hypertension. In patients and animals with primary nephropathies, these agents improve renal function more than that would be expected from their control of hypertension. Here, we examine the effects of treatment with captopril on lupus nephritis and discuss the potential mechanism(s) by which this agent exerts its renoprotective effects.
methodsLupus-prone, NZB/NZW F1 and MRL-lpr/lpr, mice were treated with captopril or with a control antihypertensive agent, verapamil. Mice were monitored for nephritis, and their sera and tissues analyzed for cytokine and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression.
resultsCaptopril treatment delayed the onset of proteinuria when administered to prenephritic mice, whereas verapamil did not. Captopril treatment also retarded disease progression when given to lupus mice that had early disease, and even reversed severe proteinuria in at least some older animals with advanced disease. It reduced chronic renal lesions, but had no effect on autoantibody production. The improvement in renal disease correlated with reduced TGF-beta expression, particularly of the TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 isoforms, in the kidneys. Interestingly, in vivo or in vitro exposure to captopril reduced splenic levels of type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, suggesting a possible role of the immune system in captopril-mediated disease modulation.
conclusionSince type 2 cytokines are known to promote lupus glomerulosclerosis, decreased IL-4 and IL-10 production in captopril-treated mice may be related to this agent's renoprotective effects. We argue here that ACE inhibitors not only act as selective TGF-beta inhibitors, but also as selective immunomodulators, to improve lupus nephritis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.