ArticleCancer2004
Evaluation of the synergistic effect of insulin resistance and insulin-like growth factors on the risk of breast carcinoma.
Article in Cancer, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Serum Insulin and C-Peptide Levels and Breast Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Network pharmacological analysis andOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- A review of research on the intersection between breast cancer and cardiovascular research in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Antihypertensive drug use and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- miR-29a regulated ER-positive breast cancer cell growth and invasion and is involved in the insulin signaling pathway.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Plasma C-peptide, mammographic breast density, and risk of invasive breast cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2013Article
- Risk of cancer in diabetes: the effect of metformin.ISRN endocrinology · 2013Review
- Correlation between insulin resistance and breast elasticity heterogeneity measured by shear wave elastography in premenopausal women - a pilot study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2011Article
- Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in the development and progression of cancer.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2009Review
- Dietary soy and tea combinations for prevention of breast and prostate cancers by targeting metabolic syndrome elements in mice.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007Article
- Energy balance, insulin resistance biomarkers, and breast cancer risk.Cancer detection and prevention · 2007Article
- Progestins and progesterone in hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between insulin resistance (which was measured using fasting blood C-peptide) and its joint association with insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF binding protein-3 [IGFBP-3]) on the risk of breast carcinoma.
methodsIncluded in the current study were 400 case-control pairs from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Pretreatment biospecimens and interview data were collected from all breast carcinoma cases and their individually matched controls.
resultsBreast carcinoma risk was found to be statistically significantly increased when higher blood levels of C-peptide and IGFs were noted in a dose-response manner. There was a statistically significant twofold to threefold increased risk of breast carcinoma for women in the highest quartile of C-peptide, IGF-1, or IGFBP-3 compared with women in the lowest quartiles. Women with high levels of both C-peptide and IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 also were found to have a substantially higher risk of breast carcinoma than those women with a high level of only one of these molecules. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 3.79 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.03-7.08) for those with a higher level of both C-peptide and IGF-1 and 4.03 (95% CI, 2.06-7.86) for those with a higher level of both C-peptide and IGFBP-3.
conclusionsThe results of the current study suggest that insulin resistance and IGFs may synergistically increase the risk of breast carcinoma.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.