ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
A 9,000-year record of Chagas' disease.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oral Route Infection byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Echoes of the Past: The Intriguing Link between Chagas Disease and Insulin.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- A Multi-Epitope Protein for High-Performance Serodiagnosis of Chronic Chagas Disease in ELISA and Lateral Flow Platforms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Review
- Oral infectivity through carnivorism in murine model ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Triatomines in the city: A study of Rhodnius neglectus in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, and its epidemiological implications.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2024Article
- Indigenous people from Amazon show genetic signatures of pathogen-driven selection.Science advances · 2023Article
- Deciphering Diets and Lifestyles of Prehistoric Humans through Paleoparasitology: A Review.Genes · 2023Review
- Peeking into the mysterious world of Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas disease.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
- Exhausted PD-1Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- In the Acute Phase ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity: impact on transmission cycles and Chagas disease.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
- Admixture mapping analysis reveals differential genetic ancestry associated with Chagas disease susceptibility in the Colombian population.Human molecular genetics · 2021Article
- Age-related anomalies of electrocardiograms in patients from areas with differential Seroprevalence of Chagas disease in Southern Bolivia.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2021Article
- Article
- Measurement of multiple cytokines for discrimination and risk stratification in patients with Chagas' disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Galectins in Chagas Disease: A Missing Link BetweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Figurative aspects suggestive of infectious diseases in the ceramic pots of the pre-Columbian Moche culture. Analysis of the ceramics collection in the Larco Museum of Lima, Peru.Le infezioni in medicina · 2021Article
- Landmarks of the Knowledge andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Insights into Ergosterol Peroxide's Trypanocidal Activity.Biomolecules · 2019Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tissue specimens from 283 principally spontaneously (naturally) desiccated human mummies from coastal and low valley sites in northern Chile and southern Peru were tested with a DNA probe directed at a kinetoplast DNA segment of Trypanosoma cruzi. The time interval spanned by the eleven major cultural groups represented in the sample ranged from approximately 9,000 years B.P. (7050 B.C.) to approximately the time of the Spanish conquest, approximately 450 B.P. ( approximately 1500 A.D.). Forty-one percent of the tissue extracts, amplified by the PCR reacted positively (i.e., hybridized) with the probe. Prevalence patterns demonstrated no statistically significant differences among the individual cultural groups, nor among subgroups compared on the basis of age, sex, or weight of specimen tested. These results suggest that the sylvatic (animal-infected) cycle of Chagas' disease was probably well established at the time that the earliest humans (members of the Chinchorro culture) first peopled this segment of the Andean coast and inadvertently joined the many other mammal species acting as hosts for this parasite.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.