ArticleAmerican journal of public health2004
Working class matters: socioeconomic disadvantage, race/ethnicity, gender, and smoking in NHIS 2000.
Article in American journal of public health, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 344 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Tobacco Treatment Outreach to Reduce Disparities for Primary Care Populations
Effective Communication Strategies for Promoting Smoking Cessation in Carpenters
Helping the Poor Quit Smoking: Specialized Quitlines and Meeting Basic Needs
Who cites it
344 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Potential for non-combustible nicotine products to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a systematic review and synthesis of best available evidence.BMC public health · 2019Pooled it
- A literature review on prevalence of gender differences and intersections with other vulnerabilities to tobacco use in the United States, 2004-2014.Preventive medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Socioeconomic differences in alcohol-attributable mortality compared with all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2014Pooled it
- Integrating Financial Coaching and Referrals into a Smoking Cessation Program for Low-income Smokers: a Randomized Waitlist Control Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Latent Heterogeneity in the Impact of Financial Coaching on Delay Discounting among Low-Income Smokers: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Increasing treatment enrollment among smokers who are not motivated to quit: a randomized clinical trial.Translational behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- Menthol Smoking and Nicotine Dependence among Black/African American Women Smokers Living in Low-Resource, Rural Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The American journal of medicine · 2020Trial
- Post-sexual assault cigarette smoking: Findings from a randomized clinical trial of a video-based intervention.Addictive behaviors · 2020Trial
- The Effect of Re-randomization in a Smoking Cessation Trial.American journal of health behavior · 2016Trial
- Smoking patterns, quit behaviors, and smoking environment of workers in small manufacturing companies.American journal of industrial medicine · 2015Trial
- A pre-post pilot study of a brief, web-based intervention to engage disadvantaged smokers into cessation treatment.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2015Trial
- Web-enhanced tobacco tactics with telephone support versus 1-800-QUIT-NOW telephone line intervention for operating engineers: randomized controlled trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2014Trial
- A randomized study of contingency management and spirometric lung age for motivating smoking cessation among injection drug users.BMC public health · 2014Trial
- The Ask-Advise-Connect approach for smokers in a safety net healthcare system: a group-randomized trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2013Trial
- The prevalence and correlates of single cigarette selling among urban disadvantaged drug users in Baltimore, Maryland.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Trial
- Health Status And Delays In Referral-To-Treatment Waiting Times for Elective Admissions of Adults From Deprived Areas And Ethnic Minority Backgrounds: A Study of Healthcare Inequalities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Article
- Derivation of three occupational status measures in young Black women: the study of environment, lifestyle, and fibroids.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
284 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe sought to describe the burden of smoking on the US population, using diverse socioeconomic measures.
methodsWe analyzed data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey.
resultsOverall, the prevalence of current smoking was greatest among persons in--and independently associated with--working class jobs, low educational level, and low income. Attempts to quit showed no socioeconomic gradient, while success in quitting was greatest among those with the most socioeconomic resources. These patterns held in most but not all race/ethnicity-gender groups. Finer resolution of smoking patterns was obtained using a relational UK occupational measure, compared to the skill-based measure commonly used in US studies.
conclusionsReducing social disparities in smoking requires attention to the complexities of class along with race/ethnicity and gender.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.