ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Human endogenous retrovirus K solo-LTR formation and insertional polymorphisms: implications for human and viral evolution.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery and evolution of endogenous retroviruses in the genome of crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis).Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Transposable Element Activation: A Hallmark of Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2026Review
- The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.Virulence · 2025Review
- The evolutionary entanglement of flipons with zinc fingers and retroelements has engendered a large family of Z-DNA and G-quadruplex binding proteins.Open biology · 2025Article
- Expression of HERV-K and embryonic genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and their association with therapy regimens.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Initiation and Progression of Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Pooled, Long-read Sequencing for Structural Variant Characterization in Schistosome Populations.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Compilation of all known HERV-K HML-2 proviral integrations.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- Mutation Rate Variation and Other Challenges in 2-LTR Dating of Primate Endogenous Retrovirus Integrations.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- An integrated approach for the accurate detection of HERV-K HML-2 transcription and protein synthesis.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Activation of human endogenous retroviruses by Sox proteins induces cell apoptosis via the caspase-3 pathway.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Tracing the evolutionary and genetic footprints of atmospheric tillandsioids transition from land to air.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- Invasion and Amplification of Endogenous Retroviruses in Dasyuridae Marsupial Genomes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Review
- Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Ribosomal profiling of human endogenous retroviruses in healthy tissues.BMC genomics · 2024Review
- Comprehensive characterization of ERV-K (HML-8) in the chimpanzee genome revealed less genomic activity than humans.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are a potential source of genetic diversity in the human genome. Although many of these elements have been inactivated over time by the accumulation of deleterious mutations or internal recombination leading to solo-LTR formation, several members of the HERV-K family have been identified that remain nearly intact and probably represent recent integration events. To determine whether HERV-K elements have caused recent changes in the human genome, we have undertaken a study of the level of HERV-K polymorphism that exists in the human population. By using a high-resolution unblotting technique, we analyzed 13 human-specific HERV-K elements in 18 individuals. We found that solo LTRs have formed at five of these loci. These results enable the estimation of HERV solo-LTR formation in the human genome and indicate that these events occur much more frequently than described in inbred mice. Detailed sequence analysis of one provirus shows that solo-LTR formation occurred at least three separate times in recent history. An unoccupied preintegration site also was present at this locus in two individuals, indicating that although the age of this provirus is estimated to be approximately 1.2 million years, it has not yet become fixed in the human population.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.