ArticleJournal of virology2004
Lv2, a novel postentry restriction, is mediated by both capsid and envelope.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-2 evades restriction by ZAP through adaptations in the U3 LTR region despite increased CpG levels.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Capsid-dependent lentiviral restrictions.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- Review
- Primate TRIM34 is a broadly-acting, TRIM5-dependent lentiviral restriction factor.Retrovirology · 2023Article
- Primate TRIM34 is a broadly-acting, TRIM5-dependent lentiviral restriction factor.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- Imaging Flow Cytometry and Confocal Immunofluorescence Microscopy of Virus-Host Cell Interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- HIV-1 Accessory Protein Vpr Interacts with REAF/RPRD2 To Mitigate Its Antiviral Activity.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- IFITM proteins inhibit HIV-1 protein synthesis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- RNA-Associated Early-Stage Antiviral Factor Is a Major Component of Lv2 Restriction.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Inhibiting the Ins and Outs of HIV Replication: Cell-Intrinsic Antiretroviral Restrictions at the Plasma Membrane.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Resistance of Transmitted Founder HIV-1 to IFITM-Mediated Restriction.Cell host & microbe · 2016Article
- Lv4 Is a Capsid-Specific Antiviral Activity in Human Blood Cells That Restricts Viruses of the SIVMAC/SIVSM/HIV-2 Lineage Prior to Integration.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Vpx complementation of 'non-macrophage tropic' R5 viruses reveals robust entry of infectious HIV-1 cores into macrophages.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Novel restriction factor RNA-associated early-stage anti-viral factor (REAF) inhibits human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- A variant macaque-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is resistant to alpha interferon-induced restriction in pig-tailed macaque CD4+ T cells.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Feline leukemia virus infection requires a post-receptor binding envelope-dependent cellular component.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors.Retrovirology · 2011Article
- Cytoplasmic body component TRIM5{alpha} requires lipid-enriched microdomains for efficient HIV-1 restriction.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- A novel envelope mediated post entry restriction of murine leukaemia virus in human cells is Ref1/TRIM5α independent.Retrovirology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The characterization of restrictions to lentivirus replication in cells identifies critical steps in the viral life cycle and potential therapeutic targets. We previously reported that a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolate was restricted to infection in some human cells, which led us to identify a step in the life cycle of HIV-2 detected after reverse transcription but prior to nuclear entry. The block is bypassed with a vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G) envelope (A. McKnight et al., J. Virol. 75:6914-6922, 2001). We hypothesized that, although the restriction is apparent at a post-reverse transcription step, the lack of progress results from a failure of the virus to reach a cellular compartment with access to the nucleus. Here we analyzed molecular clones of the restricted virus, MCR, and an unrestricted virus, MCN. Using sequence analysis and gene swapping, we mapped the viral determinants to gag and env. Site-directed mutagenesis identified a single amino acid at position 207 in CA to be responsible for the gag restriction. Pseudotype experiments indicate that this step is also important for the infection of cells by HIV-1. The HIV-1 NL4.3 core is restricted if supplied with a restricted MCR envelope but not with VSV-G. Also the NL4.3 envelope rescues the restricted core of HIV-2 MCR. Abrogation experiments with MLV demonstrate that the restriction is distinct from Fv1/Ref1/Lv1. We propose that this represents a new lentiviral restriction, Lv2. Thus, the envelope and capsid of HIV act to ensure that the virus is delivered into an appropriate cellular compartment that allows postentry events in viral replication to proceed efficiently.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.