ArticleInfection and immunity2004
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium RamA, intracellular oxidative stress response, and bacterial virulence.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conserved vulnerability of SoxR underlies zinc-mediated redox disruption and synergistic killing inmBio · 2026Article
- Infection strategies ofGut microbes reports · 2026Review
- Coordination of cell envelope biology by Escherichia coli MarA protein potentiates intrinsic antibiotic resistance.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- The Mar, Sox, and Rob Systems.EcoSal Plus · 2023Review
- Mapping direct and indirect MarA/SoxS/Rob/RamA regulons inMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- RamAp Is an Efflux Pump Regulator Carried by an IncHI2 Plasmid.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- An Intertwined Network of Regulation Controls Membrane Permeability Including Drug Influx and Efflux in Enterobacteriaceae.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Transcriptional regulation of drug resistance mechanisms in Salmonella: where we stand and what we need to know.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2020Review
- Multidrug Resistance Regulators MarA, SoxS, Rob, and RamA Repress Flagellar Gene Expression and Motility in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Article
- Tetracycline Antibiotics and Resistance.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2016Review
- Antimicrobial strategies centered around reactive oxygen species--bactericidal antibiotics, photodynamic therapy, and beyond.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Genetic inactivation of acrAB or inhibition of efflux induces expression of ramA.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2013Article
- MarA, SoxS and Rob ofInternational journal of biotechnology for wellness industries · 2013Article
- Differential gene expression by RamA in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium.PloS one · 2011Article
- The role of RamA on the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.PloS one · 2011Article
- An AraC-type transcriptional regulator encoded on the Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island contributes to pathogenesis and intracellular macrophage survival.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- RamA confers multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica via increased expression of acrB, which is inhibited by chlorpromazine.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2008Article
- AcrAB multidrug efflux pump regulation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by RamA in response to environmental signals.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2008Article
- Type III secretion system 1 genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus are positively regulated by ExsA and negatively regulated by ExsD.Molecular microbiology · 2008Article
- ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium have evolved genetic systems, such as the soxR/S and marA regulons, to detoxify reactive oxygen species, like superoxide, which are formed as by-products of metabolism. Superoxide also serves as a microbicidal effector mechanism of the host's phagocytes. Here, we investigate whether regulatory genes other than soxR/S and marA are active in response to oxidative stress in Salmonella and may function as virulence determinants. We identified a bacterial gene, which was designated ramA (342 bp) and mapped at 13.1 min on the Salmonella chromosome, that, when overexpressed on a plasmid in E. coli or Salmonella, confers a pleiotropic phenotype characterized by increased resistance to the redox-cycling agent menadione and to multiple unrelated antibiotics. The ramA gene is present in Salmonella serovars but is absent in E. coli. The gene product displays 37 to 52% homology to the transcriptional activators soxR/S and marA and 80 to 100% identity to a multidrug resistance gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A. Although a ramA soxR/S double null mutant is highly susceptible to intracellular superoxide generated by menadione and displays decreased Mn-superoxide dismutase activity, intracellular survival of this mutant within macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo replication in the spleens in Ityr mice are not affected. We concluded that despite its role in the protective response of the bacteria to oxidative stress in vitro, the newly identified ramA gene, together with soxR/S, does not play a role in initial replication of Salmonella in the organs of mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.