ArticleInfection and immunity2004
Necrotic death of Rhodococcus equi-infected macrophages is regulated by virulence-associated plasmids.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Blood parameters in neonatal foal and colostrum quality as possible early markers for increased risk of developingFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- An Autobioluminescent Method for EvaluatingMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Programmed necrotic cell death of macrophages: Focus on pyroptosis, necroptosis, and parthanatos.Redox biology · 2019Review
- Identification of a VapA virulence factor functional homolog in Rhodococcus equi isolates housing the pVAPB plasmid.PloS one · 2018Article
- The Rhodococcus equi virulence protein VapA disrupts endolysosome function and stimulates lysosome biogenesis.MicrobiologyOpen · 2017Article
- Induction of Reactive Intermediates and Autophagy-Related Proteins upon Infection of Macrophages withScientifica · 2017Article
- Transcriptome reprogramming by plasmid-encoded transcriptional regulators is required for host niche adaption of a macrophage pathogen.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Rhodococcus erythropolis MTHt3 biotransforms ergopeptines to lysergic acid.BMC microbiology · 2015Article
- IcgA is a virulence factor of Rhodococcus equi that modulates intracellular growth.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Diversion of phagosome trafficking by pathogenic Rhodococcus equi depends on mycolic acid chain length.Cellular microbiology · 2013Article
- Article
- Conjugal transfer of a virulence plasmid in the opportunistic intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi.Journal of bacteriology · 2012Article
- The hydroxamate siderophore rhequichelin is required for virulence of the pathogenic actinomycete Rhodococcus equi.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Rhodococcus equi venous catheter infection: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2011Article
- The steroid catabolic pathway of the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi is important for pathogenesis and a target for vaccine development.PLoS pathogens · 2011Article
- Nitric oxide-mediated intracellular growth restriction of pathogenic Rhodococcus equi can be prevented by iron.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein A is required for diversion of phagosome biogenesis but not for cytotoxicity.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Evolution of the Rhodococcus equi vap pathogenicity island seen through comparison of host-associated vapA and vapB virulence plasmids.Journal of bacteriology · 2008Article
- The intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi produces a catecholate siderophore required for saprophytic growth.Journal of bacteriology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause severe bronchopneumonia in foals and AIDS patients. It has been reported that advanced infection of foals is characterized by tissue necrosis, coinciding with the presence of degenerate bacteria-laden macrophages. Here, we report that the possession of the VapA-expressing plasmid, which has been previously correlated with a high level of virulence for foals and mice, strongly increases cytotoxicity of R. equi for murine macrophage-like (J774E) cells. Isolates containing different, VapB-expressing plasmids are less virulent and also have a lower cytotoxic potential. Isogenic strains lacking either plasmid are avirulent and have a very low cytotoxic potential. We show, using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (annexin V/7-amino-actinomycin D and sub-G1-analysis), Western blotting [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase processing analysis], and electron microscopy (macrophage and nucleus morphologies) that the deaths of murine macrophages are the result of necrotic rather than apoptotic events. We demonstrate that the bacteria must be alive in order to act cytotoxic. Therefore, one effect of the virulence-associated plasmids during infection with R. equi is the promotion of necrotic damage to the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.