ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2004
High levels of type 2 cytokine-producing cells in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of natural killer cells profile and cytotoxic function in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A comparison of sex-specific immune signatures in Gulf War illness and chronic fatigue syndrome.BMC immunology · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): diagnosis and management.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Comparable Immune Alterations and Inflammatory Signatures in ME/CFS and Long COVID.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus-acquired immunodeficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis-Is it present in long COVID?Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Evaluation of Immune Dysregulation in an Austrian Patient Cohort Suffering from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β in Brain-Induced Symptoms of Central Fatigue and Suppressed Dopamine Production in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is associated with lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines: a validation study.Rheumatology international · 2019Article
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The clinical value of cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus Induced Gene-2 Upregulation Identifies a Particular Subtype of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Review
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Hypofunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) as a Consequence of Activated Immune-Inflammatory and Oxidative and Nitrosative Pathways.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Review
- JTM advances in uncharted territories: diseases and disorders of unknown etiology.Journal of translational medicine · 2017Article
- Activin B is a novel biomarker for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) diagnosis: a cross sectional study.Journal of translational medicine · 2017Observational
- Fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with distinct differences in immune parameters.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Understanding Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Journal of aging research · 2016Review
- Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome is associated with lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines.RMD open · 2016Article
- Polymorphism in COMT is associated with IgG3 subclass level and susceptibility to infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is not known. However, it has been suggested that CFS may be associated with underlying immune activation resulting in a Th2-type response. We measured intracellular production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2; type 1 cytokines), IL-4 (type 2) and IL-10 (regulatory) by both polyclonally stimulated and non-stimulated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes from patients with CFS and control subjects by flow cytometry. After polyclonal activation we found evidence of a significant bias towards Th2- and Tc2-type immune responses in CFS compared to controls. In contrast, levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-10-producing cells were similar in both study groups. Non-stimulated cultures revealed significantly higher levels of T cells producing IFN-gamma or IL-4 in CFS patients. Concluding, we show evidence for an effector memory cell bias towards type 2 responsiveness in patients with CFS, as well as ongoing type 0 immune activation in unstimulated cultures of peripheral blood cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.