ArticleGenes and immunity2004
Genetic regulation of immune responses to vaccines in early life.
Article in Genes and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal BCG Vaccination Reduces Interferon-γ Responsiveness to Heterologous Pathogens in Infants From a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination in early childhood: the development of innate and adaptive immune responses.PloS one · 2010Trial
- Trial
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Understanding Heritable Variation Among Hosts in Infectious Diseases Through the Lens of Twin Studies.Genes · 2025Review
- Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Human genetics of responses to vaccines.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Identification of novel genetic biomarkers for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 mediated immunogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Heritability and genome-wide association study of vaccine-induced immune response in Beagles: A pilot study.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Human leukocyte antigen variants associate with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Vaccinomics and adversomics: key elements for a personalized vaccinology.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Multiple genetic loci influence vaccine-induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in genetically diverse mice.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Vaccinomics: Paving the Way for Personalized Immunization.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Polymorphisms within DIO2 and GADD45A genes increase the risk of liver disease progression in chronic hepatitis b carriers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Clinical Trial of Entolimod a TLR-5 Adjuvant for Vaccines Using Diphtheria or Tetanus as Carrier Proteins.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Effectiveness and safety of tetanus vaccine administration by intramuscular vs. subcutaneous route in anticoagulated patients: Randomized clinical trial in primary care.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Pilot genome-wide association study of antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Will Host Genetics Affect the Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines? Historical Precedents.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Medical students' positive perception towards vaccination is strongly correlated to protective diphtheria antibody after Td vaccination.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Personalized health and the coronavirus vaccines-Do individual genetics matter?BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2021Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infant immunization is the most cost-effective strategy to prevent infectious diseases in childhood, but is limited by immaturity of the immune system. To define strategies to improve vaccine immunogenicity in early life, the role of genetic and environmental factors in the control of vaccine responses in infant twins was studied. Immune responses to BCG, polio, hepatitis B, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccines were measured at 5 months of age in 207 Gambian twin pairs recruited at birth. Intrapair correlations for monozygous and dizygous pairs were compared to estimate the environmental and genetic components of variation in responses. High heritability was observed for antibody (Ab) responses to hepatitis B (77%), oral polio (60%), tetanus (44%) and diphtheria (49%) vaccines. Significant heritability was also observed for interferon-gamma and interleukin-13 responses to tetanus, pertussis and some BCG vaccine antigens (39-65%). Non-HLA genes played a dominant role in responses to Ab-inducing vaccines, whereas responses to BCG were predominantly controlled by genes within the HLA class II locus. Genetic factors, particularly non-HLA genes, significantly modulate immune responses to infant vaccination. The identification of the specific genes involved will provide new targets for the development of vaccines and adjuvants for young infants that work independently of HLA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.