ArticleDiabetologia1992
Oxygen radicals generated by the enzyme xanthine oxidase lyse rat pancreatic islet cells in vitro.
Article in Diabetologia, 1992. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotinamide does not influence cytokines or exhaled NO in human experimental endotoxaemia.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Trial
- Association of xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor use with insulin secretory capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
- Mechanistic Insights into the Multiple Functions of Niacinamide: Therapeutic Implications and Cosmeceutical Applications in Functional Skincare Products.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Oxidative stress and impaired insulin secretion in cystic fibrosis pig pancreas.Advances in redox research · 2022Article
- Potential effects of the combination of nicotinamide, vitamin B2 and vitamin C on oxidative-mediated hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide.Lipids in health and disease · 2018Article
- Nicotinamide is a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokines.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2003Article
- Prevention of glucose toxicity in HIT-T15 cells and Zucker diabetic fatty rats by antioxidants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1999Article
- Heat shock induces resistance in rat pancreatic islet cells against nitric oxide, oxygen radicals and streptozotocin toxicity in vitro.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1995Article
- DNA fragmentation is an early event in cytokine-induced islet beta-cell destruction.Diabetologia · 1994Article
- What are the types and cellular sources of free radicals in the pathogenesis of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus?Diabetologia · 1993Article
- Dihydrolipoic acid protects pancreatic islet cells from inflammatory attack.Agents and actions · 1993Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The endothelium-associated enzyme xanthine oxidase is known to generate reactive oxygen intermediates which may damage the surrounding tissue. We investigated whether reactive oxygen intermediates released by xanthine oxidase exert a toxic effect on isolated rat islet cells. The xanthine oxidase (25 mU/ml)/hypoxanthine (0.5 mmol/l) system released reactive oxygen intermediates in vitro as detected by luminol in a chemiluminescence analysing system. The addition of nicotinamide inhibited the release of reactive oxygen intermediates in a dose-dependent manner (50% inhibition at 20 mmol/l). Exposure of islet cells to enzyme generated reactive oxygen intermediates caused lysis of 39% of the cells within 15 h. Monitoring the mitochondrial function of islet cells by the conversion of tetrazolium bromide to its formazan product revealed a significant reduction of the respiratory activity down to 51% of that of the controls by 30 min after the initiation of the xanthine oxidase reaction. Mitochondrial dysfunction preceded plasma membrane damage. The addition of nicotinamide, a radical scavenger and inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase protected the islet cells from lysis and partially preserved their mitochondrial activity in the presence of reactive oxygen intermediates. We conclude that activation of the endothelial enzyme xanthine oxidase, known to be induced by mediators of immune cells or by episodes of ischaemia and reperfusion causes islet cell damage with subsequent cell death in early phases of pancreatic islet cell destruction.
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