ArticleRNA (New York, N.Y.)2004
Packaging and reverse transcription of snRNAs by retroviruses may generate pseudogenes.
Article in RNA (New York, N.Y.), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Two Peas in a Pod: Retroviral RNA Dimers Organize Gag-RNA Nanoclusters with Novel Biophysical Properties.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Two peas in a pod: retroviral RNA dimers organize Gag-RNA nanoclusters with novel biophysical properties.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Enhanced packaging of U6 small nuclear RNA and splicing-related proteins into extracellular vesicles during HIV infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Deletions of singular U1 snRNA gene significantly interfere with transcription and 3'-end mRNA formation.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Orchestrating the Selection and Packaging of Genomic RNA by Retroviruses: An Ensemble of Viral and Host Factors.Viruses · 2016Review
- Review
- The Host RNAs in Retroviral Particles.Viruses · 2016Review
- Analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA packageome.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2016Article
- Review
- U6 snRNA Pseudogenes: Markers of Retrotransposition Dynamics in Mammals.Molecular biology and evolution · 2015Article
- Nuclear trafficking of retroviral RNAs and Gag proteins during late steps of replication.Viruses · 2013Review
- NC-mediated nucleolar localization of retroviral gag proteins.Virus research · 2013Article
- Host RNAs, including transposons, are encapsidated by a eukaryotic single-stranded RNA virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- Article
- Role of HIV-1 RNA and protein determinants for the selective packaging of spliced and unspliced viral RNA and host U6 and 7SL RNA in virus particles.Nucleic acids research · 2011Article
- Directionality of nucleocytoplasmic transport of the retroviral gag protein depends on sequential binding of karyopherins and viral RNA.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010Article
- Implications of the nucleocapsid and the microenvironment in retroviral reverse transcription.Viruses · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Retroviruses specifically package two copies of their RNA genome in each viral particle, along with some small cellular RNAs, including tRNAs and 7S L RNA. We show here that Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) also packages U6 snRNA at approximately one copy per virion. In addition, trace amounts of U1 and U2 snRNAs were detected in purified virus by Northern blotting. U6 snRNA comigrated with the RSV 70S genomic RNA dimer on sucrose gradients. We observed reverse transcription of U6 snRNA in an endogenous reaction in which RSV particles were the source of both reverse transcriptase and RNA substrates. This finding led us to examine mammalian genomic sequences for the presence of snRNA pseudogenes. A survey of the human, mouse, and rat genomes revealed a high number of spliceosomal snRNA pseudogenes. U6 pseudogenes were the most abundant, with approximately 200 copies in each genome. In the human genome, 67% of U6 snRNA pseudogenes, and a significant number of the other snRNA pseudogenes, were associated with LINE, SINE, or retroviral LTR repeat sequences. We propose that the packaging of snRNAs in retroviral particles leads to their reverse transcription in an infected cell and the integration of snRNA/viral recombinants into the host genome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.