ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2004
Transforming growth factor beta/Smad3 signaling regulates IRF-7 function and transcriptional activation of the beta interferon promoter.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic analysis of an IRF7-dependent pathway in virus-induced fibrosis in chronic lung allograft dysfunction.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles from activated Vδ2 T cells inhibit viral replication and enhance adaptive antiviral immunity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- TGF-β mediates epigenetic control of innate antiviral responses and SIV reservoir size.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Interferon-mediated NK cell activation increases cytolytic activity against T follicular helper cells and limits antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) induces type 1 interferon signalling in systemic sclerosis keratinocytes through the chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4).Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- A pre-vaccination immune metabolic interplay determines the protective antibody response to a dengue virus vaccine.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Axin1: A novel scaffold protein joins the antiviral network of interferon.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- Arl15 upregulates the TGFβ family signaling by promoting the assembly of the Smad-complex.eLife · 2022Article
- Developmental dynamics of the neural crest-mesenchymal axis in creating the thymic microenvironment.Science advances · 2022Article
- Betacoronavirus-specific alternate splicing.Genomics · 2022Article
- Amplification of immunity by engineering chicken MDA5 combined with the C terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- RIG-I and MDA5 are modulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP6) and are essential for restricting Zika virus infection in human Sertoli cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Peripherally-driven myeloid NFkB and IFN/ISG responses predict malignancy risk, survival, and immunotherapy regime in ovarian cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I-Like Receptors Activate Snail To Limit RNA Viral Infections.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Human cytomegalovirus blocks canonical TGFβ signaling during lytic infection to limit induction of type I interferons.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Betacoronavirus-specific alternate splicing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2021Article
- Somatic SMAD3-activating mutations cause melorheostosis by up-regulating the TGF-β/SMAD pathway.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- Human Papillomavirus 16 E5 Inhibits Interferon Signaling and Supports Episomal Viral Maintenance.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Exploit Host's Genetic and Epigenetic Mediators for the Annexation of Key Host Signaling Pathways.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Whole transcriptome analysis on blue light-induced eye damage.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The rapid induction of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-beta expression plays a critical role in the innate immune response against viral infection. We studied the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and its intracellular effectors, the Smads, on the function of IRF-7, an essential transcription factor for IFN-alpha and -beta induction. IRF-7 interacted with Smads, and IRF-7, but not IRF-3, cooperated with Smad3 to activate IFN-beta transcription. This transcriptional cooperation occurred at the IRF-binding sequences in the IFN-beta promoter, and dominant-negative interference with TGF-beta receptor signaling and Smad3 function decreased IRF-7-mediated transcription. Furthermore, elimination of Smad3 expression in Smad3(-/-) fibroblasts delayed and decreased double-stranded RNA-induced expression of endogenous IFN-beta, whereas restoration of Smad3 expression enhanced IFN-beta induction. The IRF-7-Smad3 cooperativity resulted from the regulation of the transactivation activity of IRF-7 by Smad3, and dominant-negative interference with Smad3 function decreased IRF-7 activity. Consistent with the regulation by Smad3, the transcriptional activity of IRF-7 depended on and was regulated by TGF-beta signaling. Our studies underscore a role of TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling in IRF-7-mediated induction of IFN-beta expression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.