ArticleGut2004
Evidence for the presence of functional protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) in the rat colon.
Article in Gut, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteases in intestinal health and disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- PARs in the inflammation-cancer transformation of CRC.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Review
- Gene expression analysis in NSAID-induced rat small intestinal disease model with the intervention of berberine by the liquid chip technology.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2021Article
- Protease-Activated Receptors - Key Regulators of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Progression.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Review
- The Effect of a Novel Serine Protease Inhibitor on Inflammation and Intestinal Permeability in a Murine Colitis Transfer Model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 in the Jejunum of Healthy Horses and of Horses With Epiploic Hernia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Protease-Activated Receptors in the Intestine: Focus on Inflammation and Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Review
- Evaluation on potential contributions of protease activated receptors related mediators in allergic inflammation.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Review
- Enteric bacterial proteases in inflammatory bowel disease- pathophysiology and clinical implications.World journal of gastroenterology · 2013Review
- Targeting proteinase-activated receptors: therapeutic potential and challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2012Review
- Proteinases and signalling: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications via PARs and more.British journal of pharmacology · 2008Review
- Gastrointestinal roles for proteinase-activated receptors in health and disease.British journal of pharmacology · 2008Review
- Protease-activated receptor-4: a novel mechanism of inflammatory pain modulation.British journal of pharmacology · 2007Article
- Recent insights into digestive motility in functional dyspepsia.Journal of gastroenterology · 2006Review
- Neutrophils and the kallikrein-kinin system in proteinase-activated receptor 4-mediated inflammation in rodents.British journal of pharmacology · 2005Article
- Review
- Protease-activated receptors: regulation of neuronal function.Neuromolecular medicine · 2005Review
- Proteinase-activated receptor-4: evaluation of tethered ligand-derived peptides as probes for receptor function and as inflammatory agonists in vivo.British journal of pharmacology · 2004Article
- Modulation of visceral pain and inflammation by protease-activated receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2004Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsProtease activated receptors (PARs) have been postulated to play a role during intestinal inflammation. The presence and role played by PAR(4) in gastrointestinal functions have not been fully clarified. The aims of this study were: (i) to examine expression of PAR(4) in rat proximal colon; (ii) to determine the mechanical effects induced by PAR(4) activation in longitudinal muscle; and (iii) to characterise the underlying mechanisms.
methodsPAR(4) expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Mechanical activity was recorded as changes in isometric tension.
resultsA PCR product corresponding to the predicted size of the PAR(4) signal was amplified from RNA prepared from the colon of rats, showing the presence of PAR(4) in those tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that PAR(4) protein was expressed on epithelial surfaces and submucosa. PAR(4) activating peptides, GYPGKF-NH(2) and AYPGKG-NH(2), produced concentration dependent contractile effects on longitudinal muscle. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) or atropine significantly reduced the contractile responses to AYPGKG-NH(2), and atropine after TTX did not cause any further reduction. NK(1) receptor antagonist, SR140333, or NK(2) receptor antagonist, SR48968, alone or in combination, produced a reduction in PAR(4) induced contractile effect, and when coadministered with TTX abolished it. Capsaicin markedly reduced the contractions evoked by AYPGKG-NH(2).
conclusionsThe present results suggest that PAR(4) is functionally expressed in rat colon and its activation induces contraction of the longitudinal muscle both through TTX sensitive release of acetylcholine and release of tachykinins, probably from sensory nerves. These actions may contribute to motility disturbances during intestinal trauma and inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.