ReviewJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2004
Breast-feeding and Transmission of HIV-1.
Review in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Exclusive breastfeeding among women taking HAART for PMTCT of HIV-1 in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study.BMC pediatrics · 2014Trial
- Morbidity and mortality among infants born to HIV-infected women in South Africa: implications for child health in resource-limited settings.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2011Trial
- HIV-1 persists in breast milk cells despite antiretroviral treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission.AIDS (London, England) · 2008Trial
- Temporal and lateral dynamics of HIV shedding and elevated sodium in breast milk among HIV-positive mothers during the first 4 months of breast-feeding.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2008Trial
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy versus zidovudine/nevirapine effects on early breast milk HIV type-1 Rna: a phase II randomized clinical trial.Antiviral therapy · 2008Trial
- Two-year morbidity-mortality and alternatives to prolonged breast-feeding among children born to HIV-infected mothers in Côte d'Ivoire.PLoS medicine · 2007Trial
- Breast milk HIV-1 suppression and decreased transmission: a randomized trial comparing HIVNET 012 nevirapine versus short-course zidovudine.AIDS (London, England) · 2005Trial
- Associations of Plasma and Breast Milk HIV RNA and Tenofovir Concentrations With Risk of Postnatal HIV Transmission During Breastfeeding Among Women With and Without ARV Exposure.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Breast milk antibody Fc signatures track with HIV transmission during breastfeeding in ART-naïve mothers.iScience · 2026Article
- Infant feeding decisions among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States: a pilot study.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Breastmilk transfer of cabotegravir and infant safety outcomes in mothers on cabotegravir for HIV prevention in Lilongwe, Malawi: A protocol for an observational pharmacokinetic study, CABMILK Study.Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- Differences in neutralization susceptibility between clade C HIV viruses from breastmilk versus contemporaneous circulating viruses from sexually acquired infections.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Influenza infection of the mammary gland.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- HIV-1 exploits LBPA-dependent intraepithelial trafficking for productive infection of human intestinal mucosa.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Immunization of laboratory animal workers: occupational health and safety aspects.Pathogens and global health · 2024Review
- Breastfeeding vs. breast milk transmission during COVID-19 pandemic, which is more important?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Through Breastfeeding Improving Awareness and Education: A Short Narrative Review.International journal of women's health · 2022Review
- Cabergoline: a review of its use in the inhibition of lactation for women living with HIV.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Review
- A threshold delay model of HIV infection of newborn infants through breastfeeding.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast-feeding substantially increases the risk of HIV-1 transmission from mother to child, and although peripartum antiretroviral therapy prophylaxis significantly decreases the risk of mother-to-child transmission around the time of delivery, this approach does not affect breast-feeding transmission. Increased maternal RNA viral load in plasma and breast milk is strongly associated with increased risk of transmission through breast-feeding, as is breast health, and it has been suggested that exclusive breast-feeding could be associated with lower rates of breast-feeding transmission than mixed feeding of both breast- and other milk or feeds. Transmission through breast-feeding can take place at any point during lactation, and the cumulative probability of acquisition of infection increases with duration of breast-feeding. HIV-1 has been detected in breast milk in cell-free and cellular compartments; infant gut mucosal surfaces are the most likely site at which transmission occurs. Innate and acquired immune factors may act most effectively in combination to prevent primary HIV-1 infection by breast milk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.