ArticleCancer science2004
Intratumoral injection of IL-2-activated NK cells enhances the antitumor effect of intradermally injected paraformaldehyde-fixed tumor vaccine in a rat intracranial brain tumor model.
Article in Cancer science, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical trial of autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine for glioblastoma multiforme patients.Cancer science · 2007Trial
- Review
- Neuro-immune crosstalk in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Intratumoral co-injection of NK cells and NKG2A-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.EMBO molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells 1 tune anxiety-like behavior and memory in mice via interferon-γ and acetylcholine.Nature communications · 2023Article
- In search of effective therapies to overcome resistance to Temozolomide in brain tumours.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2019Review
- The Investigation of the Effect and Mechanism ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Article
- NK cells with KIR2DS2 immunogenotype have a functional activation advantage to efficiently kill glioblastoma and prolong animal survival.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- CXCL12 secreted from glioma stem cells regulates their proliferation.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2014Article
- A new hope in immunotherapy for malignant gliomas: adoptive T cell transfer therapy.Journal of immunology research · 2014Review
- Enhancement of anti-tumor immunity specific to murine glioma by vaccination with tumor cell lysate-pulsed dendritic cells engineered to produce interleukin-12.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combined therapy with a fixed-tumor cell vaccine and intratumoral injection of NK cells induced strong tumor regression of rat glioma. Rat 9L glioma cells were inoculated into syngeneic male rats at the flank (subcutaneous tumor model) or at the basal ganglia of the right hemisphere (intracranial tumor model). Rats were intradermally injected three times with vaccine comprising fixed 9L cells, IL-2- and GMCSF-microparticles, and tuberculin prior to (protective studies) or after (therapeutic studies) challenge with live 9L cells. In the protective studies, the vaccine alone achieved significant tumor growth inhibition and elongation of mean life span in both the subcutaneous and intracranial tumor models. No therapeutic effect was observed in the intracranial tumor model with the vaccine alone. However, intratumoral injection of rat NK cells strongly assisted the therapeutic effect of the vaccine in the brain tumor model and resulted in a statistically significant elongation of life span. We propose that intratumoral injection of NK cells may not only kill brain tumor cells directly, but also trigger a strong immune response in the focal lesion of the brain after vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.