ReviewDrugs2004
Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria.
Review in Drugs, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 255 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 780 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wastewater Metagenomic Reanalysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Public Datasets from Türkiye (Ankara and Hatay).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- ACR3 as a Key Regulator Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Synthesis and Efflux in Bacillus velezensis HN-1.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Integrated Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of Cefotaxime/Clavulanic Acid Inhibitor-Positive Multidrug-ResistantAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Bovine Mastitis Therapy at a Crossroads: Pharmacokinetic Barriers, Biofilms, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Emerging Solutions.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Crystallographic Studies of RND- and ABC-Type Tripartite Multidrug Transporters.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- In Vitro Assessment of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Gamma Irradiation for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Effects.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Biofilm Formation and the Role of Efflux Pumps in ESKAPE Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The ability of ozone to counteract multidrug-resistant bacteria if used as an adjunct therapy: a bioinformatic modelling.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Copper enhances tetracycline resistance via the efflux transporter CrdAB-CzcBA inFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance at a turning point: microbial drivers, one health, and global futures.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The complex development of psoralen-interstrand crosslink resistance inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Response of Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2 to the stress of polymyxin B and a key ABC transporter YwjA involved.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: genetic control mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- Quantifying bacterial efflux within subcellular domains ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Enhancing Antibacterial Efficacy: Combining Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Efflux Pump Inhibitors and Other Agents Against Gram-Negative Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Second harmonic scattering investigation of bacterial efflux induced by the antibiotic tetracycline.The Journal of chemical physics · 2024Article
- Structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis efflux pump EfpA reveal the mechanisms of transport and inhibition.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Arctigenin from Burdock Root Exhibits Potent Antibacterial and Anti-Virulence Properties againstJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Characterization of GQA as a novel β-lactamase inhibitor of CTX-M-15 and KPC-2 enzymes.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides in the Modern Era: An Updated Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Drug resistance in bacteria, and especially resistance to multiple antibacterials, has attracted much attention in recent years. In addition to the well known mechanisms, such as inactivation of drugs and alteration of targets, active efflux is now known to play a major role in the resistance of many species to antibacterials. Drug-specific efflux (e.g. that of tetracycline) has been recognised as the major mechanism of resistance to this drug in Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, we now recognise that multidrug efflux pumps are becoming increasingly important. Such pumps play major roles in the antiseptic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, and fluoroquinolone resistance of S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multidrug pumps, often with very wide substrate specificity, are not only essential for the intrinsic resistance of many Gram-negative bacteria but also produce elevated levels of resistance when overexpressed. Paradoxically, 'advanced' agents for which resistance is unlikely to be caused by traditional mechanisms, such as fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams of the latest generations, are likely to select for overproduction mutants of these pumps and make the bacteria resistant in one step to practically all classes of antibacterial agents. Such overproduction mutants are also selected for by the use of antiseptics and biocides, increasingly incorporated into consumer products, and this is also of major concern. We can consider efflux pumps as potentially effective antibacterial targets. Inhibition of efflux pumps by an efflux pump inhibitor would restore the activity of an agent subject to efflux. An alternative approach is to develop antibacterials that would bypass the action of efflux pumps.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.