ReviewImmunologic research2003
CTLA-4 and tolerance: the biochemical point of view.
Review in Immunologic research, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extended dose ipilimumab with a peptide vaccine: immune correlates associated with clinical benefit in patients with resected high-risk stage IIIc/IV melanoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2011Trial
- Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by SAHA-Mediated Histone Deacetylase Inhibition in Lung Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Treatments Available for Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Induced Colitis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Immune Inhibitory Properties and Therapeutic Prospects of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and Interleukin 10 in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Review
- Regulation of mRNA stability by RBPs and noncoding RNAs contributing to the pathogenicity of Th17 cells.RNA biology · 2021Review
- Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and the Immune System: Biology, Interactions, Challenges and Potential Advances for Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Overlooked Mechanisms in Type 1 Diabetes Etiology: How Unique Costimulatory Molecules Contribute to Diabetogenesis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
- A 3'UTR polymorphism marks differential KLRG1 mRNA levels through disruption of a miR-584-5p binding site and associates with pemphigus foliaceus susceptibility.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2016Article
- The bullseye synapse formed between CD4+ T-cell and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-pulsed dendritic cell is a suppressive synapse in T-cell response.Immunology and cell biology · 2015Article
- CTLA4 aptamer delivers STAT3 siRNA to tumor-associated and malignant T cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2014Article
- Tyrosine 201 of the cytoplasmic tail of CTLA-4 critically affects T regulatory cell suppressive function.European journal of immunology · 2014Article
- Metastatic melanoma to the brain: surgery and radiation is still the standard of care.Current treatment options in oncology · 2013Article
- The B7-independent isoform of CTLA-4 functions to regulate autoimmune diabetes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- CTLA-4 exon 1 +49A/G polymorphism is associated with renal involvement in pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2012Article
- Intrinsic and extrinsic control of peripheral T-cell tolerance by costimulatory molecules of the CD28/ B7 family.Immunological reviews · 2011Review
- Dynamics of regulatory T-cells during pregnancy: effect of HIV infection and correlations with other immune parameters.PloS one · 2011Article
- Carriage of a tumor necrosis factor polymorphism amplifies the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 attributed risk of primary biliary cirrhosis: evidence for a gene-gene interaction.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2010Article
- Interactions between PD-1 and PD-L1 promote tolerance by blocking the TCR-induced stop signal.Nature immunology · 2009Article
- Regulating the regulators: costimulatory signals control the homeostasis and function of regulatory T cells.Immunological reviews · 2009Review
- CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction.Immunological reviews · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Potentially autoreactive T cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be strictly controlled in the periphery to avoid autoimmune disease. The most robust regulatory process controlling autoreactivity is mediated by the CTLA-4-B7 pathway. The critical homeostasis mediated by CTLA-4 was proven using monoclonal antibodies and genetically disrupted CTLA-4 knockout mice that develop polyclonal lymphocyte activation and proliferation leading to massively enlarged lymph nodes and spleen and fatal multiorgan lymphocytic infiltrates. CTLA-4 ligation following T-cell activation downregulates cytokine production and cell-cycle progression, however, the proximal biochemical basis for robust T-cell regulation remains unclear. In this review, we summarize studies supporting a dynamic role for CTLA-4 at the immunological synapse leading to direct attenuation of early cell signals. A model is proposed based on these observations, which proposes that CTLA-4 may, in fact, function under some circumstances in a ligand-independent manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.