ArticleGenome research2004
An abundance of bidirectional promoters in the human genome.
Article in Genome research, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 330 papers.
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Who cites it
330 citing papers in PubMed, 615 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic and regulatory landscape of liver tissue associated with meat and carcass quality traits in cattle.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Embedded CRISPRi Enhances Gene-Silencing Efficiency in Drosophila.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- RUBY-BD: a highly efficient visual reporter system for assessing bidirectional promoter activity.Planta · 2026Article
- Identification a Compact Promoter using a New Promoter Selection Strategy and Engineering Hybrid Pol II/III Enable Efficient Genome Editing in Human Retinal Ganglion Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- Lineage-associated Human Divergently-paired Genes Exhibit Structural and Regulatory Characteristics.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
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- A single high-zinc activation enhancer can control two genes oriented head-to-head in Caenorhabditis elegans.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Different nontarget-site mechanisms underlie resistance to dicamba and 2,4-D in an Amaranthus tuberculatus population.Pest management science · 2025Article
- Unraveling the regulatory dynamics of bidirectional promoters for modulating gene co-expression and metabolic flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- An ISWI-related chromatin remodeller regulates stage-specific gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Mechanism of expression regulation of head-to-head overlapping protein-coding genes INO80E and HIRIP3.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Gene regulation by convergent promoters.Nature genetics · 2025Article
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- Genomic Analysis and Functional Validation of Bidirectional Promoters in Medaka (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genetic analysis of cognitive preservation in the midwestern Amish reveals a novel locus on chromosome 2.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
270 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The alignment of full-length human cDNA sequences to the finished sequence of the human genome provides a unique opportunity to study the distribution of genes throughout the genome. By analyzing the distances between 23,752 genes, we identified a class of divergently transcribed gene pairs, representing more than 10% of the genes in the genome, whose transcription start sites are separated by less than 1000 base pairs. Although this bidirectional arrangement has been previously described in humans and other species, the prevalence of bidirectional gene pairs in the human genome is striking, and the mechanisms of regulation of all but a few bidirectional genes are unknown. Our work shows that the transcripts of many bidirectional pairs are coexpressed, but some are antiregulated. Further, we show that many of the promoter segments between two bidirectional genes initiate transcription in both directions and contain shared elements that regulate both genes. We also show that the bidirectional arrangement is often conserved among mouse orthologs. These findings demonstrate that a bidirectional arrangement provides a unique mechanism of regulation for a significant number of mammalian genes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.