ArticleThe Journal of general physiology2004
In intact mammalian photoreceptors, Ca2+-dependent modulation of cGMP-gated ion channels is detectable in cones but not in rods.
Article in The Journal of general physiology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural basis of calmodulin modulation of the rod cyclic nucleotide-gated channel.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Retinal Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Regulation by Calmodulin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Voltage-clamp recordings of light responses from wild-type and mutant mouse cone photoreceptors.The Journal of general physiology · 2019Article
- Regulation of calcium homeostasis in the outer segments of rod and cone photoreceptors.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2018Review
- EML1 (CNG-modulin) controls light sensitivity in darkness and under continuous illumination in zebrafish retinal cone photoreceptors.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- CNGA3 achromatopsia-associated mutation potentiates the phosphoinositide sensitivity of cone photoreceptor CNG channels by altering intersubunit interactions.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2013Article
- A local, periactive zone endocytic machinery at photoreceptor synapses in close vicinity to synaptic ribbons.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- Two structural components in CNGA3 support regulation of cone CNG channels by phosphoinositides.The Journal of general physiology · 2013Article
- Disease-associated mutations in CNGB3 promote cytotoxicity in photoreceptor-derived cells.Molecular vision · 2013Article
- Temporal sampling, resetting, and adaptation orchestrate gradient sensing in sperm.The Journal of cell biology · 2012Article
- Speed, sensitivity, and stability of the light response in rod and cone photoreceptors: facts and models.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2012Review
- CNG-modulin: a novel Ca-dependent modulator of ligand sensitivity in cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated ion channels.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2012Article
- Speed, adaptation, and stability of the response to light in cone photoreceptors: the functional role of Ca-dependent modulation of ligand sensitivity in cGMP-gated ion channels.The Journal of general physiology · 2012Article
- Calcium sets the physiological value of the dominant time constant of saturated mouse rod photoresponse recovery.PloS one · 2010Article
- Native cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel is a heterotetrameric complex comprising both CNGA3 and CNGB3: a study using the cone-dominant retina of Nrl-/- mice.Journal of neurochemistry · 2008Article
- Synaptic Ca2+ in darkness is lower in rods than cones, causing slower tonic release of vesicles.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2007Article
- Tyrosine phosphorylation of cGMP-gated ion channels is under circadian control in chick retina photoreceptors.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2007Article
- Functional characterization and molecular cloning of the K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in intact retinal cone photoreceptors.The Journal of general physiology · 2007Article
- Arrestin binding to calmodulin: a direct interaction between two ubiquitous signaling proteins.Journal of molecular biology · 2006Article
- The photocurrent response of human cones is fast and monophasic.BMC neuroscience · 2006Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the mammalian retina, cone photoreceptors efficiently adapt to changing background light intensity and, therefore, are able to signal small differences in luminance between objects and backgrounds, even when the absolute intensity of the background changes over five to six orders of magnitude. Mammalian rod photoreceptors, in contrast, adapt very little and only at intensities that nearly saturate the amplitude of their photoresponse. In search of a molecular explanation for this observation we assessed Ca2+-dependent modulation of ligand sensitivity in cyclic GMP-gated (CNG) ion channels of intact mammalian rods and cones. Solitary photoreceptors were isolated by gentle proteolysis of ground squirrel retina. Rods and cones were distinguished by whether or not their outer segments bind PNA lectin. We measured membrane currents under voltage-clamp in photoreceptors loaded with Diazo-2, a caged Ca2+ chelator, and fixed concentrations of 8Br-cGMP. At 600 nM free cytoplasmic Ca2+ the midpoint of the cone CNG channels sensitivity to 8BrcGMP, 8BrcGMPK1/2, is approximately 2.3 microM. The ligand sensitivity is less in rod than in cone channels. Instantly decreasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ to <30 nM activates a large inward membrane current in cones, but not in rods. Current activation arises from a Ca2+ -dependent modulation of cone CNG channels, presumably because of an increase in their affinity to the cyclic nucleotide. The time course of current activation is temperature dependent; it is well described by a single exponential process of approximately 480 ms time constant at 20-21 degrees C and 138 ms at 32 degrees C. The absence of detectable Ca2+-dependent CNG current modulation in intact rods, in view of the known channel modulation by calmodulin in-vitro, affirms the modulation in intact rods may only occur at low Ca2+ concentrations, those expected at intensities that nearly saturate the rod photoresponse. The correspondence between Ca2+ dependence of CNG modulation and the ability to light adapt suggest these events are correlated in photoreceptors.
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