ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2004
Identification of sources of lead in children in a primary zinc-lead smelter environment.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The public health impacts of mining in Australia.The Medical journal of Australia · 2025Pooled it
- The Association between Environmental Lead Exposure and High School Educational Outcomes in Four Communities in New South Wales, Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Evaluation and assessment of the efficacy of an abatement strategy in a former lead smelter community, Boolaroo, Australia.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2016Article
- Windblown lead carbonate as the main source of lead in blood of children from a seaside community: an example of local birds as "canaries in the mine".Environmental health perspectives · 2009Article
- Living in a sea of lead--changes in blood- and hand-lead of infants living near a smelter.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2007Article
- Use of a geographic information system to track smelter-related lead exposures in children: North Lake Macquarie, Australia, 1991-2002.International journal of health geographics · 2006Article
- Study on failures to disclose conflicts of interest in Environmental Health Perspectives.Environmental health perspectives · 2004Article
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5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We compared high-precision lead isotopic ratios in deciduous teeth and environmental samples to evaluate sources of lead in 10 children from six houses in a primary zinc-lead smelter community at North Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia. Teeth were sectioned to allow identification of lead exposure in utero and in early childhood. Blood lead levels in the children ranged from 10 to 42 micro g/dL and remained elevated for a number of years. For most children, only a small contribution to tooth lead can be attributed to gasoline and paint sources. In one child with a blood lead concentration of 19.7 microg/dL, paint could account for about 45% of lead in her blood. Comparison of isotopic ratios of tooth lead levels with those from vacuum cleaner dust, dust-fall accumulation, surface wipes, ceiling (attic) dust, and an estimation of the smelter emissions indicates that from approximately 55 to 100% of lead could be derived from the smelter. For a blood sample from another child, > 90% of lead could be derived from the smelter. We found varying amounts of in utero-derived lead in the teeth. Despite the contaminated environment and high blood lead concentrations in the children, the levels of lead in the teeth are surprisingly low compared with those measured in children from other lead mining and smelting communities.
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