ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2004
Effects of exercise on lipid metabolism and musculoskeletal fitness in female athletes.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulation of bone health through physical exercise: Mechanisms and types.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Muscle fitness and its association with body mass index in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in China: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Effects of aerobic exercise on urinary estrogens and progestagens in pre and postmenopausal women.European journal of applied physiology · 2012Article
- Bone density in the adolescent athlete.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2008Review
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2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThis study investigated the effects of intense training on lipid metabolism, bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in female athletes.
methodsSixty-six female subjects participated in this study, age ranging from 18 to 55 years. The sample group included thirty-six athletic subjects and the control group comprised thirty non-athletic individuals. Five athletes competed with national level (5/36) and nine non-athletic subjects (9/30) were postmenopausal women. The assessment items included body composition, radius BMD, calcaneus BMD, lung function, muscular endurance, renal and liver function, bone marker assay and hormone status. All data were analysed, using SPSS 10.0 software, and were presented as mean rank statistical difference, using the Kurskal-Wallis (K-W) test. After that the non-parameter statistics were used. Either K value or P value below 0.05 was considered significant.
resultsUrine deoxypyridinoline/creatinine (Dpd/Cre) levels increased significantly (5.93+/-2.31 vs 6.85+/-1.43, K<0.01), sit-reach (29.30+/-9.48 cm vs 41.31+/-9.43 cm, K<0.001, P<0.001), 1 minute sit-ups with bended knees (1 min sit-ups) (17.60+/-9.34 count vs 30.00+/-10.38 count, K<0.001, P<0.001), and vertical jump (25.27+/-6.63 cm vs 34.69+/-7.99 cm, K<0.001, P<0.001) improved significantly in the athletes group. The athletes group also had a significantly increased level of estriol (E(3)) (0.14+/-0.13 pg/mL vs 0.07+/-0.04 pg/mL, K<0.01, P<0.01), radius BMD (1.37+/-0.49 gm/cm(2) vs 1.19+/-0.40 gm/cm(2), K<0.05) and calcaneus BMD (0.57+/-0.17 gm/cm(2) vs -0.20+/-0.17 gm/cm(2), K<0.01, P<0.05) compared with those of the controls. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) (65.00+/-14.02 mg/dL vs 52.26+/-4.84 mg/dL, K<0.05, P<0.05) was significantly lower in postmenopausal inactive athletes (5/36) than premenopausal active athletes (31/36). On the other hand, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (98.35+/-23.84 mg/dL vs 131.00+/-21.63 mg/dL, K<0.05, P<0.01), cholesterol (CHO) (164.03+/-27.01 mg/dL vs 193.00+/-23.48 mg/dL, K<0.05, P<0.05), triglyceride (TG) (63.00+/-26.39 mg/dL vs 147.00+/- 87.21 mg/dL, K<0.01), body fat % (BF%) (28.16+/-4.90% vs 34.84+/-4.44%, K<0.05, P<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (21.98+/-2.98 kg/m(2) vs 26.42+/-5.01 kg/m(2), K<0.05, P<0.001) were significantly higher in postmenopausal inactive athletes (5/36) than premenopausal active athletes (31/36). TG (90.22+/-39.82 mg/dL vs 147.00+/-87.21 mg/dL), CHO (186.44+/-24.90 mg/dL vs 193.00+/-23.48 mg/dL) were higher, but the HDL was significantly lower (62.18+/-10.68 mg/dL vs 52.26+/-4.84 mg/dL, P<0.05) in postmenopausal athletes (5/36) group than in postmenopausal control group (9/30).
conclusionPostmenopausal athletes (5/36) who no longer took competing exercises had reduced levels of physical activity, faced increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to active athletes (31/36) and the postmenopausal controls (9/30). We may thus concluded that long term exercise effectively improves musculoskeletal fitness and prevents BMD loss in female athletes.
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