ArticleJournal of virology2004
Continued production of drug-sensitive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in children on combination antiretroviral therapy who have undetectable viral loads.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modelling HIV-1 2-LTR dynamics following raltegravir intensification.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2013Trial
- Trial
- HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation.Nature medicine · 2009Trial
- Analyses of HIV-1 drug-resistance profiles among infected adolescents experiencing delayed antiretroviral treatment switch after initial nonsuppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2008Trial
- Sequence Analysis of Inducible, Replication-Competent Virus Reveals No Evidence of HIV-1 Evolution During Suppressive Antiviral Therapy, Indicating a Lack of Ongoing Viral Replication.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Current Advances in Humanized Mouse Models for Studying NK Cells and HIV Infection.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Clonally expanded HIV-1 proviruses with 5'-leader defects can give rise to nonsuppressible residual viremia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Controversies in the Design of Strategies for the Cure of HIV Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: a Possible Reservoir for HIV-1?Stem cell reviews and reports · 2022Review
- Preservation of lymphocyte functional fitness in perinatally-infected and treated HIV+ pediatric patients displaying sub-optimal viral control.Communications medicine · 2022Article
- Single-Agent and Fixed-Dose Combination HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Drugs in Fission Yeast (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Efficient Non-Epigenetic Activation of HIV Latency through the T-Cell Receptor Signalosome.Viruses · 2020Review
- Characterizing the Latent HIV-1 Reservoir in Patients with Viremia Suppressed on cART: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities.Current HIV research · 2020Article
- Development of A Fission Yeast Cell-Based Platform for High Throughput Screening of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.Current HIV research · 2019Article
- HUSH, a Link Between Intrinsic Immunity and HIV Latency.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- HIV 2-LTR experiment design optimization.PloS one · 2018Article
- Implications of Measurement Assay Type in Design of HIV Experiments.Proceedings of the ... IEEE Conference on Decision & Control. IEEE Conference on Decision & Control · 2017Article
- Clonal Expansion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Cells and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence During Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Review
- Perspectives on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Cure: HIV Persistence in Tissue.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Review
- Modelling the HIV persistence through the network of lymphocyte recirculation in vivo.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2017Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can suppress plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) levels to below the detection limit of ultrasensitive clinical assays. However, HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs, and in adults, persistent low-level viremia is detected with more sensitive assays. The nature of this viremia is poorly understood, and it is unclear whether viremia persists in children on HAART, particularly those who start therapy shortly after birth. We therefore developed a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay that allows genotyping of HIV-1 protease even when viremia is present at levels as low as 5 copies of HIV-1 RNA/ml. We demonstrated that viremia persists in children with plasma virus levels below the limit of detection of clinical assays. Viremia was detected even in children who began HAART in early infancy and maintained such strong suppression of viremia that HIV-1-specific antibody responses were absent or minimal. The low-level plasma virus lacked protease inhibitor resistance mutations despite the frequent use of nelfinavir, which has a low mutational barrier to resistance. Protease sequences resembled those of viruses in the latent reservoir in resting CD4(+) T cells. Thus, in most children on HAART with clinically undetectable viremia, there is continued virus production without evolution of resistance in the protease gene.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.