Evidence map›Paper›PMID 14688111›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2004

Mice deficient in interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-4 receptor alpha have higher resistance to sporozoite infection with Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) than do naive wild-type mice.

Michael Saeftel, Andreas Krueger, Sandra Arriens, Volker Heussler, Paul Racz, Bernhard Fleischer, Frank Brombacher, Achim Hoerauf

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Genetic analysis of cerebral malaria in the mouse model infected with Plasmodium berghei.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2018
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Oxidative stress in malaria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2012
    Review
  7. Host resistance to malaria: using mouse models to explore the host response.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2011
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Michael SaeftelSection of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany. saeftel@bni.uni-hamburg.de
Andreas Krueger
Sandra Arriens
Volker Heussler
Paul Racz
Bernhard Fleischer
Frank Brombacher
Achim Hoerauf
University of Bonn · DEBernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine · DEGroote Schuur Hospital · ZA

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BALB/c interleukin-4 (IL-4(-/-)) or IL-4 receptor-alpha (IL-4ralpha(-/-)) knockout (KO) mice were used to assess the roles of the IL-4 and IL-13 pathways during infections with the blood or liver stages of plasmodium in murine malaria. Intraperitoneal infection with the blood-stage erythrocytes of Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) resulted in 100% mortality within 24 days in BALB/c mice, as well as in the mutant mouse strains. However, when infected intravenously with the sporozoite liver stage, 60 to 80% of IL-4(-/-) and IL-4ralpha(-/-) mice survived, whereas all BALB/c mice succumbed with high parasitemia. Compared to infected BALB/c controls, the surviving KO mice showed increased NK cell numbers and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the liver and were able to eliminate parasites early during infection. In vivo blockade of NO resulted in 100% mortality of sporozoite-infected KO mice. In vivo depletion of NK cells also resulted in 80 to 100% mortality, with a significant reduction in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in the liver. These results suggest that IFN-gamma-producing NK cells are critical in host resistance against the sporozoite liver stage by inducing NO production, an effective killing effector molecule against Plasmodium. The absence of IL-4-mediated functions increases the protective innate immune mechanism identified above, which results in immunity against P. berghei infection in these mice, with no major role for IL-13.

Indexed as

AnimalsFemaleInterferon-gammaInterleukin-13Interleukin-4Killer Cells, NaturalLiverMalariaMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, KnockoutNitric Oxide SynthaseNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIParasitemiaPlasmodium bergheiReceptors, Interleukin-4Interferon-gammaInterleukin-13Interleukin-4Nitric Oxide SynthaseNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINos2 protein, mouseReceptors, Interleukin-4

Identifiers

PMID14688111
PMCPMC343943
OpenAlexW2169199920

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.