ArticleOncogene2003
Photodamage to multiple Bcl-xL isoforms by photodynamic therapy with the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4.
Article in Oncogene, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering photodynamics for treatment, priming and imaging.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2024Article
- Anti-Hypoxia Nanoplatforms for Enhanced Photosensitizer Uptake and Photodynamic Therapy Effects in Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Effects of zinc porphyrin and zinc phthalocyanine derivatives in photodynamic anticancer therapy under different partial pressures of oxygen in vitro.Investigational new drugs · 2021Article
- Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Review
- Photodynamic Therapy and Immunity: An Update.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2020Review
- Subcellular Performance of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Review
- Hypocrellin A-based photodynamic action induces apoptosis in A549 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2019Article
- Activated T cells exhibit increased uptake of silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 and increased susceptibility to Pc 4-photodynamic therapy-mediated cell death.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2016Article
- Photodynamic Efficiency: From Molecular Photochemistry to Cell Death.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- A cell-targeted photodynamic nanomedicine strategy for head and neck cancers.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2013Article
- Article
- Photodynamic therapy with the silicon phthalocyanine pc 4 induces apoptosis in mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome.Advances in hematology · 2010Article
- Photodynamic therapy and cell death pathways.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2010Article
- Assessing autophagy in the context of photodynamic therapy.Autophagy · 2010Review
- Photoinduced unfolding of beta-lactoglobulin mediated by a water-soluble porphyrin.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2009Article
- Lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cell death.Oncogene · 2008Review
- Irradiation of the porphyrin causes unfolding of the protein in the protoporphyrin IX/beta-lactoglobulin noncovalent complex.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2008Article
- Oxidative modification of cytochrome c by singlet oxygen.Free radical biology & medicine · 2008Article
- Photodynamic therapy with the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4: the case experience with preclinical mechanistic and early clinical-translational studies.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2007Review
- Early apoptosis and cell death induced by ATX-S10Na (II)-mediated photodynamic therapy are Bax- and p53-dependent in human colon cancer cells.World journal of gastroenterology · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The antiapoptotic oncoprotein Bcl-2 is now a recognized phototarget of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the phthalocyanine Pc 4 and with other mitochondrion-targeting photosensitizers. Photodamage, observed on Western blots as the loss of the native 26-kDa Bcl-2 protein, is PDT dose dependent and occurs in multiple cell lines, in the cold, and immediately upon photoirradiation. In our initial study, no photochemical damage was observed to Bcl-xL, in spite of its similarity in size, sequence, location and function to Bcl-2. The original study used a commercial anti-Bcl-xS/L antibody. We have revisited this issue by examining Western blots developed using one of three epitope-specific anti-Bcl-xL antibodies from commercial sources, a polyclonal antibody generated to the entire protein, as well as the antibody used previously. All five Bcl-xL antibodies recognized bacterially expressed Bcl-xL, but not Bcl-2, whereas an anti-Bcl-2 antibody recognized Bcl-2 and not Bcl-xL. All five Bcl-xL antibodies recognized at least one protein migrating at approximately 30 kDa; two of the antibodies recognized an additional band, migrating at approximately 33 or approximately 24 kDa. We now observe Pc 4-PDT-induced photodamage to all Bcl-xL-related proteins, except the 33-kDa species, in several human cancer cell lines. The results indicate that, in addition to the expected quantitative differences that may reflect exposure of individual epitopes, the antibodies also detect proteins of different apparent molecular weights that may be distinct isoforms or post-translationally modified forms of Bcl-xL. No evidence for PDT-induced phosphorylation or degradation was observed. Bcl-xL localized to mitochondria was considerably more sensitive to photodamage than was Bcl-xL in the cytosol, indicating that as previously found for Bcl-2, Bcl-xL must be membrane localized to be photosensitive.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.