ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2004
Predictors for cod-liver oil supplement use--the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fish oil users of Greece: Predictors, knowledge and habits regarding dietary supplement use.AIMS public health · 2023Article
- Regular consumption of cod liver oil is associated with reduced basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels; a prospective observational trial : A NEEDED (The North Sea Race Endurance Exercise Study) 2014 sub-study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Observational
- Vitamin D status in a multi-ethnic population of northern Norway: the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2020Article
- Higher Vitamin D Levels Are Associated with Better Attentional Functions: Data from the NorCog Register.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2019Article
- Article
- Lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies in a population at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2016Article
- Cod liver oil in sodium nitrite induced hepatic injury: does it have a potential protective effect?Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2015Article
- Dietary aspects related to health and obesity in Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome.Food & nutrition research · 2015Article
- Cod liver oil supplement consumption and health: cross-sectional results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study.Nutrients · 2014Article
- Consumption of lean fish reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective population based cohort study of Norwegian women.PloS one · 2014Article
- Use of food supplements and determinants of usage in a sample Italian adult population.Public health nutrition · 2013Article
- Use of dietary supplements in pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic factors - a report from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.Public health nutrition · 2013Article
- Vitamin D - a systematic literature review for the 5th edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations.Food & nutrition research · 2013Article
- Article
- Vitamin D status in healthy Romanian caregivers and risk of respiratory infections.Public health nutrition · 2012Article
- Article
- A short food frequency questionnaire to assess intake of seafood and n-3 supplements: validation with biomarkers.Nutrition journal · 2011Article
- Use of dietary supplements in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition calibration study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2009Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of vitamin or dietary supplement users in Lausanne, Switzerland: the CoLaus study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the use of cod-liver oil supplements among Norwegian women and to examine dietary, lifestyle, demographic, and health factors associated with use of this supplement.
designCross-sectional study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The study is based on data from a food frequency questionnaire from 1998 answered by 37,226 women aged 41-55 y, who in 1991/1992 participated in the Norwegian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The Norwegian EPIC cohort was based on a random nation-wide sample of Norwegian women.
resultsCod-liver oil supplement use was reported by 44.7% of the participating women. Subjects with higher education, high physical activity level, and body mass index (BMI) in the normal range were more likely to use cod-liver oil supplements. Consumption did also increase with increased age as well as with increased reported consumption of fruits, vegetables, fatty fish, lean fish, and vitamin D (excluding the vitamin D contribution from cod-liver oil). Energy intake was higher among cod-liver oil users than nonusers. Whole-year daily users of cod-liver oil were also more likely to take other dietary supplements (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 2.28-2.62). Never smokers were more likely to use cod-liver oil supplements than current smokers.
conclusionUse of cod-liver oil is associated with several sociodemographic factors, self-reported health issues, and intake of fish, fruit, and vegetables. When assessing the relationship between cod-liver oil use and occurrence of chronic diseases potential confounders need to be considered. Cod-liver oil use seemed not to be matched with vitamin D needs. Thus, emphasis on assessing vitamin D status by measuring levels in blood should be investigated further, in particular, among people living in northern latitudes.
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