ArticleImmunology2004
Rhesus macaque antibody molecules: sequences and heterogeneity of alpha and gamma constant regions.
Article in Immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antigen-specific IgG glycosylation profiles in hamsters and macaques following COVID-19 vaccination.iScience · 2026Article
- CD4Vaccines · 2025Article
- Transient rapamycin treatment avoids unwanted host immune responses toward AAV-delivered anti-HIV antibodies.Nature communications · 2025Article
- IgG1-Dominant Antibody Response Induced by Recombinant Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with PIKA Adjuvant.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Multivariate analysis of FcR-mediated NK cell functions identifies unique clustering among humans and rhesus macaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Development of anti-thrombotic vaccine against human S100A9 in rhesus monkey.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Functional Homology for Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis Across Humans and Rhesus Macaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Functional Interactions of Common Allotypes of Rhesus Macaque FcγR2A and FcγR3A with Human and Macaque IgG Subclasses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Igh locus structure and evolution in Platyrrhines: new insights from a genomic perspective.Immunogenetics · 2020Article
- Adeno-Associated Virus Delivery of Anti-HIV Monoclonal Antibodies Can Drive Long-Term Virologic Suppression.Immunity · 2019Article
- Anti-drug Antibody Responses Impair Prophylaxis Mediated by AAV-Delivered HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2019Article
- Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in Antiviral Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Knowns and Unknowns of Assaying Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Against HIV-1.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Mind the Gap: How Interspecies Variability in IgG and Its Receptors May Complicate Comparisons of Human and Non-human Primate Effector Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Rhesus macaque and mouse models for down-selecting circumsporozoite protein based malaria vaccines differ significantly in immunogenicity and functional outcomes.Malaria journal · 2017Article
- IgG Binding Characteristics of Rhesus Macaque FcγR.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Enhanced protective antibody to a mutant meningococcal factor H-binding protein with low-factor H binding.JCI insight · 2016Article
- Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) immunoglobulin heavy chain locus description.Immunogenetics · 2016Article
- Host Anti-antibody Responses Following Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Delivery of Antibodies Against HIV and SIV in Rhesus Monkeys.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2016Article
- Biophysical and Functional Characterization of Rhesus Macaque IgG Subclasses.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are extensively used in vaccine development. Macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) or simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) are the best animal model currently available for acquired-immune-deficiency-syndrome-related studies. Recent results emphasize the importance of antibody responses in controlling HIV and SIV infection. Despite the increasing attention placed on humoral immunity in these models, very limited information is available on rhesus macaque antibody molecules. Therefore, we sequenced, cloned and characterized immunoglobulin gamma (IGHG) and alpha (IGHA) chain constant region genes from rhesus macaques of Indian and Chinese origin. Although it is currently thought that rhesus macaques express three IgG subclasses, we identified four IGHG genes, which were designated IGHG1, IGHG2, IGHG3 and IGHG4 on the basis of sequence similarities with the four human genes encoding the IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 subclasses. The four genes were expressed at least at the messenger RNA level, as demonstrated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The level of intraspecies heterogeneity was very high for IGHA genes, whereas IGHG genes were remarkably similar in all animals examined. However, single amino acid substitutions were present in IGHG2 and IGHG4 genes, indicating the presence of IgG polymorphism possibly resulting in the expression of different allotypes. Two IgA alleles were identified in several animals and RT-PCR showed that both alleles may be expressed. Presence of immunoglobulin gene polymorphism appears to reflect the unusually high levels of intraspecies heterogeneity already demonstrated for major histocompatibility complex genes in this non-human primate species.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.