ReviewPituitary2003
Dopamine resistance of prolactinomas.
Review in Pituitary, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- How to Define Success in Prolactinoma Treatment-A Systematic Review and Theoretical Framework.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Italian Guidelines for the Management of Prolactinomas.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2023Guideline
- Surgical outcomes of medically failed prolactinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pituitary · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of lanreotide SR and Autogel on tumor mass in patients with acromegaly: a systematic review.Pituitary · 2010Pooled it
- Secondary Loss of Response to Dopamine Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Macroprolactinoma.Cureus · 2025Article
- Good response rates and predictors during the first year of cabergoline treatment in large invasive prolactinomas.Pituitary · 2025Article
- Outcome Measures for Medical and Surgical Treatment of Prolactinomas. Is the Role of Surgery Underestimated?Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2025Article
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery Outcomes in Medically and Surgically Failed or Nonsurgical Candidates with Medically Failed Prolactinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2023Article
- Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and International Chapter of Clinical Endocrinology (ICCE). Position statement for clinical practice: prolactin-secreting tumors.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Resistance to Dopamine Agonists in Pituitary Tumors: Molecular Mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Brusatol Inhibits Tumor Growth and Increases the Efficacy of Cabergoline against Pituitary Adenomas.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Predictors of dopamine agonist resistance in prolactinoma patients.BMC endocrine disorders · 2020Article
- Calcified Prolactinoma of the Pituitary Gland: Illustrative Case Reports Highlighting Medical versus Surgical Intervention.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2020Article
- Prolactinomas Resistant to Treatment With Dopamine Agonists: Long-Term Follow-Up of Six Cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
- Developmental and Functional Effects of Steroid Hormones on the Neuroendocrine Axis and Spinal Cord.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2016Review
- The pituitary TGFβ1 system as a novel target for the treatment of resistant prolactinomas.The Journal of endocrinology · 2016Review
- Use of micro-positron emission tomography with (18)F-fallypride to measure the levels of dopamine receptor-D2 and (18)F-FDG as molecular imaging tracer in the pituitary glands and prolactinomas of Fischer-344 rats.OncoTargets and therapy · 2016Article
- Ten-year follow-up of a giant prolactinoma.BMJ case reports · 2015Article
- Article
- Management of medically refractory prolactinoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Resistance to dopamine agonists can be defined with respect to failure to normalize PRL levels and failure to decrease tumor size by > or = 50%. Using these definitions, failure to normalize PRL levels is seen in 24% of those treated with bromocriptine, 13% of those treated with pergolide and 11% of those treated with cabergoline. Failure to achieve at least a 50% reduction in tumor size occurs in about one-third of those treated with bromocriptine and 10-15% of those treated with pergolide or cabergoline. Studies of in vitro cell preparations show that the D2 receptors of resistant tumors are decreased in number but have normal affinity. Treatment approaches for resistant patients include switching to another dopamine agonist and raising the dose of the drug as long as there is continued response to the dose increases and no adverse effects. Transsphenoidal surgery can also be done. If fertility is desired, clomiphene, gonadotropins, and GnRH are also options. If fertility is not desired, estrogen replacement may be used unless there is a macroadenoma, in which case control of tumor growth is also an issue and dopamine agonists are generally necessary. However, in many cases modest or even no reduction may be acceptable long-term as long as there is not tumor growth. Hormone replacement (estrogen or testosterone) may cause a decrease in efficacy of the dopamine agonist so that it must be carried out cautiously. Reduction of endogenous estrogen, use of selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors are potential experimental approaches.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.