ReviewDer Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft2003
[Dry eye disease as a complex dysregulation of the functional anatomy of the ocular surface. New concepts for understanding dry eye disease].
Review in Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A in dry eye patients with inadequate responses to 0.05% cyclosporine A: a switching, prospective, open-label, multicenter study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Review
- Inflammation and dry eye disease-where are we?International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- The levels of 12 cytokines and growth factors in tears: hyperthyreosis vs euthyreosis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Article
- Lacrimal proline rich 4 (LPRR4) protein in the tear fluid is a potential biomarker of dry eye syndrome.PloS one · 2012Article
- Mucosal herpes immunity and immunopathology to ocular and genital herpes simplex virus infections.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Review
- Nasolacrimal duct closure modulates ocular mucosal and systemic CD4(+) T-cell responses induced following topical ocular or intranasal immunization.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2010Article
- [Meibomian glands : part III. Dysfunction - argument for a discrete disease entity and as an important cause of dry eye].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2009Article
- [Meibomian glands : part IV. Functional interactions in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2009Article
- [Meibomian glands. Part I: anatomy, embryology and histology of the Meibomian glands].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2009Review
- [Meibomian glands. Part II: physiology, characteristics, distribution and function of meibomian oil].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2009Review
- The role of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxc1, in the development of the mouse lacrimal gland.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2006Article
- [Classification of biomedical research reports as a reference for evidence-based medicine in ophthalmology. A survey considering as example the journal Der Ophthalmologe].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2005Article
- Ultrastructural anatomy of CALT follicles in the rabbit reveals characteristics of M-cells, germinal centres and high endothelial venules.Journal of anatomy · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDry eye disease is a disorder of the tear film that results in epithelial damage and in a disruption of the normal homeostasis at the ocular surface. It is widespread and causes symptoms ranging from discomfort to blindness.
methodsA review of the existing literature was used to compare different past and recent concepts for the understanding of dry eye disease with a focus on aspects of the integrating functional anatomy of the ocular surface.
resultsThe understanding of the pathogenesis of dry eye disease has proceeded from the mere recognition of a lack of tears to a consideration of their quality and to the concept of wetting of the ocular surface. However, several other aspects as epithelial differentiation, innervation, hormonal status or immune protection contribute to the intact functional anatomy of the ocular surface. Recently it has been recognized that immunologically regulated mechanisms of inflammation represent a primary or secondary pathogenetic factor for dry eye disease. This is conceivably regulated by the cells of the physiological mucosal immune defence system, the eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT). Androgens represent an important trophic factor for the ocular surface and their deficiency predisposes to inflammation.
conclusionDry eye disease represents a complex dysregulation of the functional anatomy of the ocular surface that can start from different alterations (e.g. insufficient secretion, defects in wetting or innervation). Immune-based inflammation is able to interconnect and negatively reinforce these different pathomechanisms, resulting in a vicious circle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.