ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003
Electron tomography analysis of envelope glycoprotein trimers on HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus virions.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 246 papers.
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Who cites it
246 citing papers in PubMed, 417 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of the long-acting fusion inhibitor albuvirtide in antiretroviral-experienced adults with human immunodeficiency virus-1: interim analysis of the randomized, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority TALENT study.Chinese medical journal · 2020Trial
- HLA-B*14:02-Restricted Env-Specific CD8Journal of virology · 2017Trial
- Structure and Dynamics of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein on the Virion Envelope.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Recent advances in HIV-1 envelope-based vaccine designs for guiding broadly neutralizing antibody response.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Structure and Dynamics of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein on the Virion Envelope.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein modulates CXCR4 clustering and dynamics on the T cell membrane.eLife · 2026Article
- Immunomagnetic Sample Preparation Targeting Host- and Viral-Derived Antigens for HIV-1 Isolation from Limited Plasma Volumes.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Antigen flexibility supports the avidity of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies at low antigen densities.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Reconstructing a Missing Link of HIV-1 Assembly: HIV-1 Envelope-Matrix Interactions in a Native Viral Context.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein: structure, function and interactions with neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Molecular basis of potent antiviral HLA-C-restricted CD8Nature communications · 2025Article
- Single-molecule localisation microscopy approaches reveal envelope glycoprotein clusters in single-enveloped viruses: a potential functional role?Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- A monomeric envelope glycoprotein cytoplasmic tail is sufficient for HIV-1 Gag lattice trapping and incorporation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Inclusion of a retroviral protease enhances the immunogenicity of VLP-forming mRNA vaccines against HIV-1 or SARS-CoV-2 in mice.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Activation of CXCR3Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- Inducible cell lines producing replication-defective human immunodeficiency virus particles containing envelope glycoproteins stabilized in a pretriggered conformation.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Electron tomography visualization of HIV-1 virions trapped by fusion inhibitors to host cells in infected tissues.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
186 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We used electron tomography to directly visualize trilobed presumptive envelope (env) glycoprotein structures on the surface of negatively stained HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virions. Wild-type HIV-1 and SIV virions had an average of 8-10 trimers per virion, consistent with predictions based on biochemical evidence. Mutant SIVs, biochemically demonstrated to contain high levels of the viral env proteins, averaged 70-79 trimers per virion in tomograms. These correlations strongly indicate that the visualized trimers represent env spikes. The env trimers were without obvious geometric distribution pattern or preferred rotational orientation. Combined with biochemical analysis of gag/env ratios in virions, these trimer counts allow calculation of the number of gag molecules per virion, yielding an average value of approximately 1400. Virion and env dimensions were also determined. Image-averaging analysis of SIV env trimers revealed a distinct chirality and strong concordance with recent molecular models. The results directly demonstrate the presence of env trimers on the surface of AIDS virus virions, albeit at numbers much lower than generally appreciated, and have important implications for understanding virion formation, virus interactions with host cells, and virus neutralization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.