ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2003
A continuum of anionic charge: structures and functions of D-alanyl-teichoic acids in gram-positive bacteria.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 480 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
480 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,021 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaginal metatranscriptome meta-analysis reveals functional BV subgroups and novel colonisation strategies.Microbiome · 2024Pooled it
- The LiaFSR-SpxA2 regulatory axis governs bile salt resistance and virulence in Group BVirulence · 2026Article
- Article
- A DltE-DltD-DltX interaction network regulates lipoteichoic acid D-alanylation and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-mediated growth promotion in Drosophila.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Reframing Antimicrobial Peptides beyond Direct Antimicrobial Activity toward Host-Directed Functions and Disease-Specific Therapeutic Applications.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- ABPs: diffusible antibacterial toxins secreted by and active against diverse gram-positive bacteria.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Fermentation-Dependent Cell Wall-Associated Immunostimulation in a Red Pepper-BasedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The landscape of genitourinary cancer vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Host-driven remodelling of theMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial strategies for antibiotic-resistant infections: Mechanistic frameworks, rational design, and clinical translation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Native mass spectrometry reveals DltA catalysis, DltC loading, and inhibition in the d-alanylation pathway.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Mechanistic basis of teichoic acid transport by a gatekeeper flippase.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetic determinants of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion shape virulence trade-offs in bacteremia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review of Antimicrobial Properties of Carbon Nanomaterials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gram-negative-staining Bacillaceae with thick cell wall and monoderm architecture uncover evolutionary diversity and challenge Gram-based classification.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide screen identifies novel factors for surface protein cross-wall trafficking and cell envelope homeostasis inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- A teichoic acid-like wall modification associated with immune suppression is socially regulated inmBio · 2026Article
- Methicillin-resistantAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Lipopeptide Engineering: From Natural Origins to Rational Design Against Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A teichoic acid-like wall modification associated with immune suppression is socially regulated inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
420 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Teichoic acids (TAs) are major wall and membrane components of most gram-positive bacteria. With few exceptions, they are polymers of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues. Wall TA is attached to peptidoglycan via a linkage unit, whereas lipoteichoic acid is attached to glycolipid intercalated in the membrane. Together with peptidoglycan, these polymers make up a polyanionic matrix that functions in (i) cation homeostasis; (ii) trafficking of ions, nutrients, proteins, and antibiotics; (iii) regulation of autolysins; and (iv) presentation of envelope proteins. The esterification of TAs with D-alanyl esters provides a means of modulating the net anionic charge, determining the cationic binding capacity, and displaying cations in the wall. This review addresses the structures and functions of D-alanyl-TAs, the D-alanylation system encoded by the dlt operon, and the roles of TAs in cell growth. The importance of dlt in the physiology of many organisms is illustrated by the variety of mutant phenotypes. In addition, advances in our understanding of D-alanyl ester function in virulence and host-mediated responses have been made possible through targeted mutagenesis of dlt. Studies of the mechanism of D-alanylation have identified two potential targets of antibacterial action and provided possible screening reactions for designing novel agents targeted to D-alanyl-TA synthesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.