ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2003
Expression of equi merozoite antigen 2 during development of Babesia equi in the midgut and salivary gland of the vector tick Boophilus microplus.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Development of a Real-Time Quantitative PCR Based on a TaqMan-MGB Probe for the Rapid Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Dynamics ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Vaccination of cattle with synthetic peptides corresponding to predicted extracellular domains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus aquaporin 2 reduced the number of ticks feeding to repletion.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Development of Nested PCR and Duplex Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Serological and molecular detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Mexico: A prospective study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Molecular and Serological Detection of Piroplasms in Horses from Nigeria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Development of an Indirect ELISA to Detect Equine Antibodies toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Twenty Years of Equine Piroplasmosis Research: Global Distribution, Molecular Diagnosis, and Phylogeny.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Identification of proteins expressed by Babesia bigemina kinetes.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Silencing expression of the Rhipicephalus microplus vitellogenin receptor gene blocks Babesia bovis transmission and interferes with oocyte maturation.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Development and validation of a duplex real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Genetic Variation of the β-tubulin Gene ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2017Article
- Babesia infection in the southwest of china, a case report.Jundishapur journal of microbiology · 2014Article
- Epidemiological investigation of equine piroplasmosis in China by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2014Article
- Amblyomma cajennense is an intrastadial biological vector of Theileria equi.Parasites & vectors · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Equi merozoite antigens 1 and 2 (EMA-1 and EMA-2) are Babesia equi proteins expressed on the parasite surface during infection in horses and are orthologues of proteins in Theileria spp., which are also tick-transmitted protozoal pathogens. We determined in this study whether EMA-1 and EMA-2 were expressed within the vector tick Boophilus microplus. B. equi transitions through multiple, morphologically distinct stages, including sexual stages, and these transitions culminate in the formation of infectious sporozoites in the tick salivary gland. EMA-2-positive B. equi stages in the midgut lumen and midgut epithelial cells of Boophilus microplus nymphs were identified by reactivity with monoclonal antibody 36/253.21. This monoclonal antibody also recognized B. equi in salivary glands of adult Boophilus microplus. In addition, quantification of B. equi in the mammalian host and vector tick indicated that the duration of tick feeding and parasitemia levels affected the percentage of nymphs that contained morphologically distinct B. equi organisms in the midgut. In contrast, there was no conclusive evidence that B. equi EMA-1 was expressed in either the Boophilus microplus midgut or salivary gland when monoclonal antibody 36/18.57 was used. The expression of B. equi EMA-2 in Boophilus microplus provides a marker for detecting the various development stages and facilitates the identification of novel stage-specific Babesia proteins for testing transmission-blocking immunity.
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