ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2003
A critical role for induced IgM in the protection against West Nile virus infection.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 187 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 305 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of all immune epitope data in the Flavivirus genus: inventory of current immune epitope data status in the context of virus immunity and immunopathology.Viral immunology · 2010Pooled it
- IL-1β signaling promotes CNS-intrinsic immune control of West Nile virus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2012Trial
- West Nile Virus in People with HIV: Immune Vulnerability, Neuroinvasive Disease, and Diagnostic Challenges.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Multiple orthoflaviviruses secrete sfRNA in mosquito saliva to promote transmission by inhibiting MDA5-mediated early interferon response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sub-neutralizing concentrations of Zika virus IgM monoclonal antibodies reduce IgG-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of infectivity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Newly discovered and conserved role of IgM against viral infection in an early vertebrate.eLife · 2025Article
- Novel rabies vaccine candidates development based on pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with rabies virus glycoprotein.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- MyD88 signalling in B cells and antibody responses during Oropouche virus-induced neurological disease in mice.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- From Antibodies to Immunity: Assessing Correlates of Flavivirus Protection and Cross-Reactivity.Vaccines · 2025Review
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Persistent splenic-derived IgMs preferentially recognize factor VIII A2 and C2 domain epitopes but do not alter antibody production.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2025Article
- Evolution of Zika virus inVirus evolution · 2025Article
- Undiagnosed West Nile virus lineage 2d infection in a febrile patient from South-west Uganda, 2018.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease.Virulence · 2024Review
- Lessons Learned from West Nile Virus Infection:Vaccinations in Equines and Their Implications for One Health Approaches.Viruses · 2024Review
- Rehabilitation Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Ocrelizumab Diagnosed With West Nile Virus Encephalitis.Cureus · 2024Article
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In humans, the elderly and immunocompromised are at greatest risk for disseminated West Nile virus (WNV) infection, yet the immunologic basis for this remains unclear. We demonstrated previously that B cells and IgG contributed to the defense against disseminated WNV infection (Diamond, M.S., B. Shrestha, A. Marri, D. Mahan, and M. Engle. 2003. J. Virol. 77:2578-2586). In this paper, we addressed the function of IgM in controlling WNV infection. C57BL/6J mice (sIgM-/-) that were deficient in the production of secreted IgM but capable of expressing surface IgM and secreting other immunoglobulin isotypes were vulnerable to lethal infection, even after inoculation with low doses of WNV. Within 96 h, markedly higher levels of infectious virus were detected in the serum of sIgM-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. The enhanced viremia correlated with higher WNV burdens in the central nervous system, and was also associated with a blunted anti-WNV IgG response. Passive transfer of polyclonal anti-WNV IgM or IgG protected sIgM-/- mice against mortality, although administration of comparable amounts of a nonneutralizing monoclonal anti-WNV IgM provided no protection. In a prospective analysis, a low titer of anti-WNV IgM antibodies at day 4 uniformly predicted mortality in wild-type mice. Thus, the induction of a specific, neutralizing IgM response early in the course of WNV infection limits viremia and dissemination into the central nervous system, and protects against lethal infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.