ArticleGenes and immunity2003
Analysis of the CTLA-4, CD28, and inducible costimulator (ICOS) genes in autoimmune thyroid disease.
Article in Genes and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- CTLA-4 +49 G/A, a functional T1D risk SNP, affects CTLA-4 level in Treg subsets and IA-2A positivity, but not beta-cell function.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- CTLA-4 as a genetic determinant in autoimmune Addison's disease.Genes and immunity · 2015Pooled it
- The genetics of Graves' disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Review
- Increased risk of Graves´ophthalmopathy in patients with increasing TRAb after radioiodine treatment and the impact of CTLA4 on TRAb titres.Endocrine · 2022Article
- Thyroid-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Considerations for Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy for Patients with Co-Existing Thyroid Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Article
- The yin and yang of co-inhibitory receptors: toward anti-tumor immunity without autoimmunity.Cell research · 2020Review
- The potential role for infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison's disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- Article
- General and Specific Genetic Polymorphism of Cytokines-Related Gene in AITD.Mediators of inflammation · 2017Review
- T-cell exhaustion: understanding the interface of chronic viral and autoinflammatory diseases.Immunology and cell biology · 2016Review
- A powerful test of independent assortment that determines genome-wide significance quickly and accurately.Heredity · 2016Article
- Article
- Association of theBiomedical reports · 2015Article
- The Essential Role of Circulating Thyroglobulin in Maintaining Dominance of Natural Regulatory T Cell Function to Prevent Autoimmune Thyroiditis.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2015Review
- Disturbances of modulating molecules (FOXP3, CTLA-4/CD28/B7, and CD40/CD40L) mRNA expressions in the orbital tissue from patients with severe graves' ophthalmopathy.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Article
- Article
- Article
- Associations of CTLA4 Gene Polymorphisms with Graves' Ophthalmopathy: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of genomics · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene on 2q33 is associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Our earlier study in 56 families showed linkage of 2q33 to the presence of thyroid antibodies (TAbs). The goals of this study were to confirm the linkage of the 2q33 region to TAbs, to fine map this region, and study the ICOS gene. We performed a linkage study in an expanded data set of 99 multiplex AITD-TAb families (529 individuals). The highest two-point LOD score of 2.9 was obtained for marker D2S325 on 2q33. To fine map this locus, we genotyped 238 Caucasian AITD patients and 137 controls for five additional markers in the linked locus, which contained the CTLA-4, CD28, and ICOS genes. The A/G single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 49 of CTLA-4 was associated with AITD (P=0.01, OR=1.5), while markers inside CD28 and ICOS were not. Functional studies have shown that the G allele was associated with reduced inhibition of T-cell proliferation by CTLA-4. We concluded that: (1) the AITD gene in the 2q33 locus is the CTLA-4 gene and not the CD28 or ICOS genes; and (2) the G allele is associated with decreased function of CTLA-4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.