Evidence map›Paper›PMID 14638812›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2003

Haemophilus ducreyi requires an intact flp gene cluster for virulence in humans.

Stanley M Spinola, Kate R Fortney, Barry P Katz, Jo L Latimer, Jason R Mock, Merja Vakevainen, Eric J Hansen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A Class IInfection and immunity · 2019
    Trial
  2. Genomic Insights intoPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  3. Molecular pathogenesis ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025
    Review
  4. The protein degradation system encoded byInfection and immunity · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. AInfection and immunity · 2024
    Article
  7. Formate production is dispensable forInfection and immunity · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. The Flp type IV pilus operon ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
  11. Microorganisms · 2020
    Article
  12. Interactions of the Skin PathogenFrontiers in immunology · 2020
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stanley M SpinolaDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. sspinola@iupui.edu
Kate R Fortney
Barry P Katz
Jo L Latimer
Jason R Mock
Merja Vakevainen
Eric J Hansen

Funding

ZOSUQUIDAR TRIHYDROCHLORIDE DURING CONVENTIONAL INDUCTION AND POST-REMISSIONM01RR000750 · NCRR · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI RODRIGUEZ, HENRY · 1985 to 2008
$25.5M
VIRAL DETERMINANTS OF HSV DISEASE IN MICEU19AI031494 · NIAID · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI KATZ, BARRY P. · 1995 to 2009
$13.6M
Haemophilus ducreyi Inhibits PhagocytosisR37AI032011 · NIAID · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI HANSEN, ERIC JOHN · 2006 to 2015
$3.8M
PATHOGENESIS OF HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI INFECTIONSR01AI027863 · NIAID · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI SPINOLA, STANLEY M. · 1995 to 2013
$3.8M
MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CHANCROIDR01AI032011 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SW MED CTR/DALLAS · PI HANSEN, ERIC JOHN · 1992 to 2004
$1.7M
Haemophilus ducreyi Inhibits PhagocytosisR56AI032011 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SW MED CTR/DALLAS · PI HANSEN, ERIC JOHN · 2005 to 2005
$390k
PATHOGENESIS OF HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI INFECTIONSR29AI027863 · NIAID · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI SPINOLA, STANLEY M · 1990 to 1994
–
VARIABILITY IN HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS GLYCOPROTEINS AND INFECTIVITYU01AI031494 · NIAID · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI JONES, ROBERT B · 1991 to 1994
–
NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000750NCRR NIH HHS M01RR00750NIAID NIH HHS AI27863NIAID NIH HHS AI31494NIAID NIH HHS AI32011NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI027863NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI032011NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI032011NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI032011NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI031494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An intact Haemophilus ducreyi flp operon is essential for microcolony formation in vitro. tadA is the 9th of 15 genes in the operon and has homology to NTPases of type IV secretion systems. Fifteen human volunteers were experimentally infected with both H. ducreyi 35000HP and the tadA mutant, 35000HP.400. Papules developed at similar rates at sites inoculated with the mutant and parent, while pustules formed at 36.4% of parent sites and at 0% of mutant sites (P = 0.001). Compared to 35000HP, 35000HP.400 had only a modest but significant reduction in lesion scores in the temperature-dependent rabbit model of chancroid. These data suggest that proteins secreted by the flp locus are required for full expression of virulence by H. ducreyi in humans but have less of a role in virulence in an animal model of infection.

Indexed as

Multigene FamilyAdultAnimalsBacterial ProteinsChancroidDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHaemophilus ducreyiHumansMaleMiddle AgedRabbitsVirulenceBacterial ProteinsFlp protein, bacteria

Identifiers

PMID14638812
PMCPMC308926

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.