ReviewDrugs2003
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory lung disease.
Review in Drugs, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of HPP737, a Novel PDE4 Inhibitor, in Healthy Chinese Participants: Phase I Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of single- and multiple-dose roflumilast: an open-label, three-way crossover study in healthy Chinese volunteers.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Trial
- No relevant cardiac, pharmacokinetic or safety interactions between roflumilast and inhaled formoterol in healthy subjects: an open-label, randomised, actively controlled study.BMC clinical pharmacology · 2011Trial
- Systemic capillary leak syndrome: a nosological entity that the nephrologist must be aware of.Journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Systemic capillary leak syndrome complicated by lower extremity compartment syndrome: a case report.JA clinical reports · 2025Article
- What Is on the Horizon for Treatments in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Modulation of Human Dendritic Cell Functions by Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors: Potential Relevance for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Phosphodiesterase 7 Regulation in Cellular and Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2020Article
- Synthesis of 3-aryl-2-phosphinoimidazo[1,2-RSC advances · 2019Article
- Phosphodiesterase 4 and 7 inhibitors produce protective effects against high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via modulation of the oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation pathways.Metabolic brain disease · 2018Article
- PDE4a predicts poor prognosis and promotes metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2018Article
- Adjunctive Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor Therapy Improves Antibiotic Response to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Rabbit Model.EBioMedicine · 2016Article
- Pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, and docking study of pyrozolo[1,5-a]pyridine/4,4-dimethylpyrazolone analogues as PDE4 selective inhibitors.Journal of molecular modeling · 2015Article
- Muscle wasting in disease: molecular mechanisms and promising therapies.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2015Review
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what does the future hold?Drugs · 2014Review
- Phosphodiesterases maintain signaling fidelity via compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotides.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2014Review
- Phosphodiesterase 4B mediates extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent up-regulation of mucin MUC5AC protein by Streptococcus pneumoniae by inhibiting cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent MKP-1 phosphatase pathway.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Protein implicated in nonsyndromic mental retardation regulates protein kinase A (PKA) activity.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Update on roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.British journal of pharmacology · 2011Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) belong to an important family of proteins that regulate the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotide second messengers. Targeting PDE with selective inhibitors may offer novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various conditions, and in the context of respiratory disease these include asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The rationale for such an approach stems, in part, from the clinical efficacy of theophylline, an orally active drug that is purportedly a nonselective PDE inhibitor. In addition, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels regulate the function of many of the cells thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD, and these cells also selectively express PDE4. This has offered pharmaceutical companies the opportunity to selectively targeting these enzymes for the treatment of these diseases. Finally, the success of targeting PDE5 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction provides clinical proof of concept for the targeting of PDE in disease. Whether a 'Viagra' of the airways can be found for the treatment of asthma and COPD remains to be seen, but positive results from recent clinical studies examining the efficacy of selective PDE4 inhibitors such as cilomilast and roflumilast offer some optimism. However, one of the major issues to be resolved is the tolerability profile associated with this drug class that is a consequence of PDE4 inhibition. While cilomilast and roflumilast have low emetic potential they are not free from emesis and various strategies are being investigated in the hope of developing a PDE4 inhibitor without this adverse effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.