ReviewDrugs2003
Metabolic complications associated with HIV protease inhibitor therapy.
Review in Drugs, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean on insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients: a randomized pilot study.Nutrients · 2011Trial
- Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on first-line antiretroviral therapy in scarce-resource settings: an evidence from Tanzanian facility-based survey.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Review
- Drug Reprofiling to Identify Potential HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Off-Target-Based Design of Selective HIV-1 PROTEASE Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- An observational study of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in treatment-experienced people living with HIV in Singapore.PloS one · 2021Observational
- Oregano Oil and Its Principal Component, Carvacrol, Inhibit HIV-1 Fusion into Target Cells.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and Neurocognitive Deficits in HIV Infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Development Of Saquinavir Mesylate Nanoemulsion-Loaded Transdermal Films: Two-Step Optimization Of Permeation Parameters, Characterization, And Ex Vivo And In Vivo Evaluation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Article
- Lopinavir, an HIV-1 peptidase inhibitor, induces alteration on the lipid metabolism of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes.Parasitology · 2018Article
- Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance in Adults With HIV Receiving Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy: a Brief Update.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Article
- HIV-associated cellular senescence: A contributor to accelerated aging.Ageing research reviews · 2017Review
- Individualization of antiretroviral therapy--pharmacogenomic aspect.The Indian journal of medical research · 2015Review
- HIV protease inhibitors: a review of molecular selectivity and toxicity.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2015Review
- A cross-sectional assessment of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected people of low socio-economic status receiving antiretroviral therapy.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2015Article
- The concomitant use of second-generation antipsychotics and long-term antiretroviral therapy may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.Psychiatry research · 2014Article
- Metabolic syndrome and population attributable risk among HIV/AIDS patients: comparison between NCEP-ATPIII, IDF and AHA/NHLBI definitions.AIDS research and therapy · 2012Article
- Correlation between HIV disease and lipid metabolism in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients in Japan.Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2012Article
- In vitro characterization of GS-8374, a novel phosphonate-containing inhibitor of HIV-1 protease with a favorable resistance profile.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HIV protease inhibitors were introduced into clinical practice over 7 years ago as an important component of combination antiretroviral drug regimens which in many ways revolutionised the treatment of HIV infection. The significant improvements in prognosis that have resulted from the use of these regimens, combined with the need for lifelong treatment, have increasingly focused attention on the adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs and on the metabolic complications of HIV protease inhibitors in particular. In this review, the cluster of metabolic abnormalities characterised by triglyceride-rich dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance associated with HIV protease inhibitor therapy are considered, along with implications for cardiovascular risk in patients affected by these complications. Toxicity profiles of individual drugs within the HIV protease inhibitor class are examined, as there is an increased recognition of significant intra-class differences both in terms of absolute risk of metabolic complications as well as the particular metabolic phenotype associated with these drugs. Guidelines for clinical assessment and treatment are emphasised, along with pathophysiological mechanisms that may provide a rational basis for the treatment of metabolic complications. Finally, these drug-specific effects are considered within the context of HIV-specific effects on lipid metabolism as well as lifestyle factors that have contributed to a rapidly increasing incidence of similar metabolic syndromes in the general population. These data highlight the importance of individualising patient management in terms of choice of antiretroviral regimen, assessment of metabolic outcomes and use of therapeutic interventions, based on the assessment of baseline (pre-treatment) metabolic status as well as the presence of potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.