ArticleDiabetes2003
Elevation of free fatty acids induces inflammation and impairs vascular reactivity in healthy subjects.
Article in Diabetes, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02633488 (Effect of Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity and Pan-Arterial Vascular Function in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 251 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity and Pan-Arterial Vascular Function in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome
Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 657 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis of Microbial Therapy Against Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence From Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of all Types of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery and its Consequences: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity surgery · 2019Pooled it
- Statin therapy and plasma free fatty acids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Pooled it
- Dietary palmitate and oleate differently modulate insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle.Diabetologia · 2022Trial
- Impact of Acipimox Therapy on Free Fatty Acid Efflux and Endothelial Function in the Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2019Trial
- Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Their Reduction After Testosterone Replacement in Men With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2016Trial
- A sustained increase in plasma NEFA upregulates the Toll-like receptor network in human muscle.Diabetologia · 2014Trial
- Acute reduction of lipolysis reduces adiponectin and IL-18: evidence from an intervention study with acipimox and insulin.Diabetologia · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Early microvascular recruitment modulates subsequent insulin-mediated skeletal muscle glucose metabolism during lipid infusion.Diabetes care · 2013 · on this mapTrial
- Vascular effects of intravenous intralipid and dextrose infusions in obese subjects.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2012Trial
- Sitagliptin exerts an antinflammatory action.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2012Trial
- Exenatide exerts a potent antiinflammatory effect.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2012 · on this mapTrial
- Meal-related increases in microvascular vasomotion are impaired in obese individuals: a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance.Diabetes care · 2011Trial
- Free fatty acids induce insulin resistance in both cardiac and skeletal muscle microvasculature in humans.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2011 · on this mapTrial
- Programmed cell death in metabolic syndrome: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Construction of a nomogram model for postoperative complications following thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery in elderly patients: a study based on an elderly patient population.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Canagliflozin regulates adipocyte lipolysis in vitro via a SGLT2 independent signaling pathway.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Visceral adiposity, metabolic health and aging.Nature aging · 2026Review
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To test the possible acute proinflammatory effects of fatty acids, we induced an increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations after a lipid and heparin infusion for 4 h in 10 healthy subjects. We determined the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding activity in mononuclear cells (MNCs), the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by MNC, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Brachial artery reactivity, using postischemic flow-mediated dilation, was also measured. NF-kappaB binding activity in the MNC nuclear extracts increased to 163 +/- 17% and 144 +/- 14% as compared with basal levels at 2 and 4 h (P < 0.005) and remained elevated (P < 0.05) at 6 h (2 h after cessation of lipid infusion). NF-kappaB p65 subunit protein expression in MNC homogenates also increased at 2, 4, and 6 h (P < 0.05). ROS generation by PMNs increased significantly at 2 and 4 h (P < 0.005), whereas that by MNCs increased at 4 h (P < 0.05). Plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor increased at 2 (P < 0.05) and 4 h (P < 0.005), respectively, and declined to baseline at 6 h. The postischemic flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery decreased from 6.3 +/- 1.1% at baseline to 4.3 +/- 1.9% and 2.7 +/- 2.1% (P < 0.01) at 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. We conclude that an increase in FFA concentration induces oxidative stress and has a proinflammatory effect; it also impairs postischemic flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.