ArticleDiabetes2003
Endurance training in humans leads to fiber type-specific increases in levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in skeletal muscle.
Article in Diabetes, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00536211 (Physical Inactivity and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle.), which is not on this map. Cited by 200 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Physical Inactivity and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle.
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
200 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 447 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between theFrontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Acute Changes in Muscle Protein Synthesis and Longer-Term Changes in Muscle Mass, Strength, and Aerobic Capacity in Response to Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Exercise in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Association of PPARGC1A Gly428Ser (rs8192678) polymorphism with potential for athletic ability and sports performance: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Reducing the volume of sprint interval training does not diminish maximal and submaximal performance gains in healthy men.European journal of applied physiology · 2014Trial
- Exercise training, but not resveratrol, improves metabolic and inflammatory status in skeletal muscle of aged men.The Journal of physiology · 2014Trial
- Mitochondrial gene expression in elite cyclists: effects of high-intensity interval exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2010Trial
- Successive bouts of cycling stimulates genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis.European journal of applied physiology · 2009Trial
- Calorie restriction increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in healthy humans.PLoS medicine · 2007Trial
- Reduced plasma free fatty acid availability during exercise: effect on gene expression.European journal of applied physiology · 2007Trial
- PPARalpha gene variation and physical performance in Russian athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2006Trial
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin DScientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Fast Myosin Binding Protein-C Is a Vital Regulator in Young and Aged Fast Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- A role for the transcriptional coregulator RIP140 in the control of muscle endurance fitness.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Review
- Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction in obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus: Myocellular mechanisms involved.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Brief Weekly Magnetic Field Exposure Enhances Avian Oxidative Muscle Character During Embryonic Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Polymorphisms of PPARα and ACTN3 Among Adolescent Egyptian Athletes: A Case-Control Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Role of theGenes · 2024Review
140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) can induce mitochondria biogenesis and has been implicated in the development of oxidative type I muscle fibers. The PPAR isoforms alpha, beta/delta, and gamma control the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid and glucose metabolism. As endurance training increases skeletal muscle mitochondria and type I fiber content and fatty acid oxidative capacity, our aim was to determine whether these increases could be mediated by possible effects on PGC-1 or PPAR-alpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma. Seven healthy men performed 6 weeks of endurance training and the expression levels of PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma mRNA as well as the fiber type distribution of the PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha proteins were measured in biopsies from their vastus lateralis muscle. PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha mRNA expression increased by 2.7- and 2.2-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, after endurance training. PGC-1 expression was 2.2- and 6-fold greater in the type IIa than in the type I and IIx fibers, respectively. It increased by 2.8-fold in the type IIa fibers and by 1.5-fold in both the type I and IIx fibers after endurance training (P < 0.015). PPAR-alpha was 1.9-fold greater in type I than in the II fibers and increased by 3.0-fold and 1.5-fold in these respective fibers after endurance training (P < 0.001). The increases in PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha levels reported in this study may play an important role in the changes in muscle mitochondria content, oxidative phenotype, and sensitivity to insulin known to be induced by endurance training.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.