ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2003
Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT): frequency and localization in young children.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Distribution of CD4+, CD8 + and CD20 + intraepithelial cells in normal nasal mucosa and sinonasal polyps: a preliminary, observational study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Observational
- Intranasal Drug Delivery: Exploiting Nasal Anatomy for Enhanced Therapeutic Outcomes.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Engineering a medical device for intranasal immunisation: ensuring targeted delivery and formulation stability.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Article
- Altered morphology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues and epithelium in the nasal cavity and lacrimal apparatus in autoimmune disease-prone MRL/MpJ-FasCell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Detection of bovine respiratory disease complex-related pathogens in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2025Article
- Respiratory delivered vaccines: Current status and perspectives in rational formulation design.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Local and systemic humoral immune responses to Histophilus somni recombinant antigens administered intranasally and subcutaneously to dairy calves.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Targeting aerosol delivery to regions of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in three dimensional models of human intranasal airways using the BiVax intranasal atomizer.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2024Article
- The Upper Nasal Space: Option for Systemic Drug Delivery, Mucosal Vaccines and "Nose-to-Brain".Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- In Vitro Comparison of Local Nasal Vaccine Delivery and Correlation with Device Spray Performance.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Histopathological findings of the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue of pigs co-infected with porcine circovirus 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2022Article
- Factors Limiting the Translatability of Rodent Model-Based Intranasal Vaccine Research to Humans.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Review
- Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies.NPJ vaccines · 2022Review
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in the Upper Respiratory Tract and the Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2022Review
- Advances in the Prophylaxis of Respiratory Infections by the Nasal and the Oromucosal Route: Relevance to the Fight with the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Immune responses in the injured olfactory and gustatory systems: a role in olfactory receptor neuron and taste bud regeneration?Chemical senses · 2022Review
- Mucosal immunity: The missing link in comprehending SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In mucosal immunology nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is taken as a constitutive structure of the nasal immune system and as a target tissue in strategies of local defence and an induction site for vaccination. These concepts are based on findings in rodents, but it has not been investigated systematically whether NALT also is present in humans and if so in which amount and localization. In a postmortem study the presence of NALT in humans is documented as a morphologically distinct structure additional to the lymphoid structures of the Waldeyer's ring. Human nasal tissue blocks of 150 children who had died in the first two years of life either of sudden infant death (n = 109) without signs of respiratory tract infections or of different traumatic (n = 22) and natural causes of death (n = 19) were obtained using a specific autopsy-technique and were investigated systematically using histology. Clearly in contrast to rodents human NALT was found disseminated in the nasal mucosa with typical morphological features in 38% of all children, mainly in the middle concha, with similar morphology and frequency in the examined groups. No correlation was found between the presence of NALT and the cause of death and especially the grade of inflammation in general. Therefore, NALT might be the morphological basis for inhalative vaccination strategies in young children and play a role in mucosal host defence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.