ArticleImmunology2003
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by human leucocytes independently of cyclooxygenase activity.
Article in Immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- An integrated meta-analysis approach to identifying medications with potential to alter breast cancer risk through connectivity mapping.BMC bioinformatics · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- AA in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2027Review
- AA in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus.Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2027Review
- Extracorporeal photopheresis induces the release of anti-inflammatory fatty acids and oxylipins and suppresses pro-inflammatory sphingosine-1-phosphate.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Competitive season effects on polyunsaturated fatty acid content in erythrocyte membranes of female football players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Observational
- Lipid Peroxidation via Regulating the Metabolism of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid in Autistic Behavioral Symptoms.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Are Associated with Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Essential Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Inflammation and Its Resolution.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- "Cell Membrane Theory of Senescence" and the Role of Bioactive Lipids in Aging, and Aging Associated Diseases and Their Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- DGLA from the MicroalgaNutrients · 2020Article
- Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits several key cellular processes associated with atherosclerosis.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2019Article
- Dietary Supplementation With ω6 LC-PUFA-Rich Algae Modulates Zebrafish Immune Function and Improves Resistance to Streptococcal Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Nrf2 deletion causes "benign" simple steatosis to develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice fed a high-fat diet.Lipids in health and disease · 2013Article
- Perturbations in blood phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin Fatty Acid composition in a sample population of cigarette smokers.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2013Article
- A dietary combination of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is more efficient than single supplementations in the prevention of retinal damage induced by elevation of intraocular pressure in rats.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2009Article
- Are all n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids created equal?Lipids in health and disease · 2009Review
- Heterologous production of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2007Article
- The potential interactions between polyunsaturated fatty acids and colonic inflammatory processes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dietary oils (such as borage oil), which are rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), have been shown to be beneficial under inflammatory conditions. Dihomo-GLA (DGLA) is synthesized directly from GLA and forms a substrate for cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, resulting in the synthesis of lipid mediators (eicosanoids). In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of DGLA were investigated and compared with those of other relevant fatty acids. Freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in fatty acid (100 microm)-enriched medium for 48 hr. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 20 hr and the cytokine levels were measured, in supernatants, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phospholipids were analysed by gas chromatography. Fatty acids were readily taken up, metabolized and incorporated into cellular phospholipids. Compared with the other fatty acids tested, DGLA exerted pronounced modulatory effects on cytokine production. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels were reduced to 60% of control levels, whereas IL-6 levels were not affected by DGLA. Kinetic studies showed that peak levels of TNF-alpha, occurring early after LPS addition, were inhibited strongly, whereas IL-10 levels were not affected until 15 hr after stimulation. Both the reduction of cytokine levels and the decrease in arachidonic acid levels in these cells, induced by DGLA, were dose dependent, suggesting a shift in eicosanoid-subtype synthesis. However, although some DGLA-derived eicosanoids similarly reduced TNF-alpha levels, the effects of DGLA were probably not mediated by COX products, as the addition of indomethacin did not alter the effects of DGLA. In conclusion, these results suggest that DGLA affects cytokine production by human PBMC independently of COX activation.
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Registered trials
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