ArticleAmerican journal of public health2003
Validity of assessments of youth access to tobacco: the familiarity effect.
Article in American journal of public health, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- E-Cigarette Sales to School-Uniformed Adolescents in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- "If You Just Tell Me You're 18, I'll Still Sell to You": A Qualitative Study of Underage Tobacco Product Purchasing Experiences in a Tobacco 21 Compliance Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Tobacco 21 Laws to Reduce Underage Access to Tobacco: Protocol for a Repeated Multi-Site Study.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
- Underutilisation of no-tobacco-sale orders against retailers that repeatedly sell to minors, 2015-2019, USA.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21 in New Jersey, 2019-2020.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- A Pilot Study to Examine Retailer Compliance Before and After Tobacco 21 in New Jersey.Health behavior research · 2022Article
- "You Do It Through the Grapevine": A Bourdieusian Analysis of Under-Age Access to Tobacco Among Adolescents From Seven European Cities.Qualitative health research · 2021Article
- Policies that limit youth access and exposure to tobacco: a scientific neglect of the first stages of the policy process.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Assessment of the US Federal Retailer Violation Rate as an Estimate of the Proportion of Retailers That Illegally Sell Tobacco to Adolescents.JAMA pediatrics · 2018Article
- Comparison of Sampling Strategies for Tobacco Retailer Inspections to Maximize Coverage in Vulnerable Areas and Minimize Cost.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Limited indications of tax stamp discordance and counterfeiting on cigarette packs purchased in tobacco retailers, 97 counties, USA, 2012.Preventive medicine reports · 2017Article
- Implications of lessons learned from tobacco control for tanning bed reform.Preventing chronic disease · 2013Article
- Tobacco sales to minors: has familiarity bred contempt for youth access programs?American journal of public health · 2004Article
- Factors associated with different cigarette access behaviours among underage smoking youth who usually smoke contraband (native) cigarettes.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publiqueArticle
- Predictors of different cigarette access behaviours among occasional and regular smoking youth.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publiqueArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe examined the standard compliance protocol and its validity as a measure of youth access to tobacco.
methodsIn Study 1, youth smokers reported buying cigarettes in stores where they are regular customers. In Study 2, youths attempted to purchase cigarettes by using the Standard Protocol, in which they appeared at stores once for cigarettes, and by using the Familiarity Protocol, in which they were rendered regular customers by purchasing nontobacco items 4 times and then requested cigarettes during their fifth visit.
resultsSales to youths aged 17 years in the Familiarity Protocol were significantly higher than sales to the same age group in the Standard Protocols (62.5% vs. 6%, respectively).
conclusionsThe Standard Protocol does not match how youths obtain cigarettes. Access is low for stranger youths within compliance studies, but access is high for familiar youths outside of compliance studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.