Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2003
Pathways: a school-based, randomized controlled trial for the prevention of obesity in American Indian schoolchildren.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 182 papers, 37 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pathways--full scale study
Effectiveness of a School-Based Nutrition Education and Physical Activity Intervention for Overweight and Obese Children: the Health Promoting School (Hps) Model
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 37 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- How to Teach Healthy Life-Style Efficiently in a Pediatric Outpatient Setting: Proposal of an Innovative Tridimensional Pyramid.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of multi-component school food environment interventions on adiposity and food consumption in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Preventing type 2 diabetes among Indigenous youth: A systematic review of community-based interventions.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Community Guide Systematic Review: School Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Understanding the Benefits of Brief Classroom-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Primary School-Aged Children's Enjoyment and Subjective Wellbeing: A Systematic Review.The Journal of school health · 2022Pooled it
- Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Fundamental Movement Skill Interventions on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Levels in 5- to 11-Year-Old Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Determining Effective Nutrition Intervention Strategies and the Subsequent Impact on Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Adherence, and Health Outcomes among American Indian/Alaska Native Youth (2-18 Years of Age): a Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples' nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the overall effects of school-based obesity prevention interventions and effect differences by intervention components.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2019Pooled it
- Obesity Prevention Interventions and Implications for Energy Balance in the United States and Mexico: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Meta-Analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing obesity in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Community involvement in design, implementation and evaluation of nutrition interventions to reduce chronic diseases in indigenous populations in the U.S.: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Physical Education-Based Physical Activity Interventions Among Elementary School Children.The journal of primary prevention · 2018Pooled it
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood obesity is a major public health problem in the United States, particularly among American Indian communities.
objectiveThe objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based, multicomponent intervention for reducing percentage body fat in American Indian schoolchildren.
designThis study was a randomized, controlled, school-based trial involving 1704 children in 41 schools and was conducted over 3 consecutive years, from 3rd to 5th grades, in schools serving American Indian communities in Arizona, New Mexico, and South Dakota. The intervention had 4 components: 1) change in dietary intake, 2) increase in physical activity, 3) a classroom curriculum focused on healthy eating and lifestyle, and 4) a family-involvement program. The main outcome was percentage body fat; other outcomes included dietary intake, physical activity, and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
resultsThe intervention resulted in no significant reduction in percentage body fat. However, a significant reduction in the percentage of energy from fat was observed in the intervention schools. Total energy intake (by 24-h dietary recall) was significantly reduced in the intervention schools but energy intake (by direct observation) was not. Motion sensor data showed similar activity levels in both the intervention and control schools. Several components of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were also positively and significantly changed by the intervention.
conclusionsThese results document the feasibility of implementing a multicomponent program for obesity prevention in elementary schools serving American Indian communities. The program produced significant positive changes in fat intake and in food- and health-related knowledge and behaviors. More intense or longer interventions may be needed to significantly reduce adiposity in this population.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.