ArticleVirology2003
Vacuolating encephalitis in mice infected by human coronavirus OC43.
Article in Virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections: Possible Mechanisms of Neurological Implications-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- A Lung-Immune Dual-Humanized Mouse Using Cryopreserved Tissue Enables Infection and Immune Profiling of Human Common Cold Coronaviruses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Review
- Rapid generation and characterization of recombinant HCoV-OC43-VR1558 infectious clones expressing reporter Renilla luciferase.Biosafety and health · 2024Article
- Utilizing HCoV-OC43 to better understand the neurological impact of COVID-19.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Previous infection with seasonal coronaviruses does not protect male Syrian hamsters from challenge with SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2023Article
- IgG Fc-Binding Peptide-Conjugated Pan-CoV Fusion Inhibitor Exhibits Extended In Vivo Half-Life and Synergistic Antiviral Effect When Combined with Neutralizing Antibodies.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Article
- Comparison of the Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir, Chloroquine, and Interferon-β as Single or Dual Agents Against the Human Beta-Coronavirus OC43.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2023Article
- Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on COVID-19-related neurological disorders over the last 2 years: an up-to-date narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- The COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer's disease: mutual risks and mechanisms.Translational neurodegeneration · 2022Review
- Neutralization mechanism of a human antibody with pan-coronavirus reactivity including SARS-CoV-2.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
- Can pulmonary RNA delivery improve our pandemic preparedness?Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity in the CNS and the Aged Brain Specific Vulnerability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Improving human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) research comparability in studies using HCoV-OC43 as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virological methods · 2022Article
- Neurologic complications of coronavirus and other respiratory viral infections.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2022Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Involvement of viruses in human neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying pathologic mechanisms remain generally unclear. Human respiratory coronaviruses (HCoV) can infect neural cells, persist in human brain, and activate myelin-reactive T cells. As a means of understanding the human infection, we characterized in vivo the neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties of HCoV-OC43 through the development of an experimental animal model. Virus inoculation of 21-day postnatal C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice led to a generalized infection of the whole CNS, demonstrating HCoV-OC43 neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence. This acute infection targeted neurons, which underwent vacuolation and degeneration while infected regions presented strong microglial reactivity and inflammatory reactions. Damage to the CNS was not immunologically mediated and microglial reactivity was instead a consequence of direct virus-mediated neuronal injury. Although this acute encephalitis appears generally similar to that induced by murine coronaviruses, an important difference rests in the prominent spongiform-like degeneration that could trigger neuropathology in surviving animals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.