Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1992
Comparison of enalapril and nifedipine in treating non-insulin dependent diabetes associated with hypertension: one year analysis.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1992. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on continuous and binary kidney outcomes in subgroups of patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.BMC nephrology · 2022Pooled it
- First-line renin-angiotensin system inhibitors vs. other first-line antihypertensive drug classes in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of human hypertension · 2018Pooled it
- Antihypertensive agents for preventing diabetic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Effect of successful hypertension control by manidipine or lisinopril on albuminuria and left ventricular mass in diabetic hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2005Trial
- Effects of low dose ramipril on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and raised excretion of urinary albumin: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (the DIABHYCAR study).BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2004Trial
- Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1998Trial
- Effects of captopril treatment versus placebo on renal function in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: a long-term study.The Clinical investigator · 1994Trial
- Long-term treatment with nifedipine reduces urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.Acta diabetologica · 1994Trial
- Trial
- Redefining Diabetes and Creating Solutions-The Hong Kong Diabetes Register: Kelly West Award Lecture 2025.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease Progression Risk in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Using Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Propensity Score Matching Cohort Study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and renal disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2017Review
- The healthcare burden of hypertension in Asia.Heart Asia · 2013Article
- Prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications in developing countries: a review.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2012Review
- Choice of ACE inhibitor combinations in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: update after recent clinical trials.Vascular health and risk management · 2009Review
- A longitudinal study of risk factors for incident albuminuria in diabetic American Indians: the Strong Heart Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2008Article
- Review
- Lessons from trials in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.Current hypertension reports · 2003Review
- Treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients with nephropathy.Current diabetes reports · 2001Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of enalapril and nifedipine in hypertensive patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
designOne year double blind follow up of patients randomly allocated to either enalapril or nifedipine with matching placebos for the alternative drug.
settingMetabolic Investigation Unit, Hong Kong. SUBJECTS: 102 patients were randomised: 52 to nifedipine and 50 to enalapril. At baseline 44 patients had normoalbuminuria, 36 microalbuminuria, and 22 macroalbuminuria.
main outcome measuresBlood pressure, albuminuria, and parameters of renal function and glycaemic control.
resultsIn patients who completed one year's treatment the median dose required by the nifedipine group (n = 49) was 60 mg/day; seven (14%) required additional diuretics. Of 41 patients given enalapril, 37 required the maximum dose (40 mg/day) and 27 (76%) required diuretics. At one year mean arterial blood pressures were similar in both groups. Albuminuria fell by 54% in the enalapril group and 11% in the nifedipine group (p = 0.006). Fractional albumin clearance ratio fell by 47% in the enalapril group and increased by 3% in the nifedipine group (p = 0.009). Creatinine clearance fell similarly in both groups but plasma creatinine concentration was increased by 20% in the enalapril group versus 8% in the nifedipine group (p = 0.001).
conclusionPatients taking enalapril often required diuretics to control blood pressure. Enalapril reduced proteinuria significantly more than nifedipine in the microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients but increased plasma creatinine concentrations. Longer follow up is required to clarify the importance of enalapril's antiproteinuric effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.