ArticleJournal of virology2003
Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 471 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
471 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 864 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Hitchhiker Guide to CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Augmentation of HIV-specific T cell function by immediate treatment of hyperacute HIV-1 infection.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Anti-α4β7 therapy targets lymphoid aggregates in the gastrointestinal tract of HIV-1-infected individuals.Science translational medicine · 2018Trial
- The TLR9 agonist MGN1703 triggers a potent type I interferon response in the sigmoid colon.Mucosal immunology · 2018Trial
- A randomized controlled clinical trial on the impact of CCR5 blockade with maraviroc in early infection on T-cell dynamics.Medicine · 2016Trial
- A lower viral set point but little immunological impact after early treatment during primary HIV infection.Viral immunology · 2015Trial
- Rifaximin has a marginal impact on microbial translocation, T-cell activation and inflammation in HIV-positive immune non-responders to antiretroviral therapy - ACTG A5286.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Probiotics Reduce Inflammation in Antiretroviral Treated, HIV-Infected Individuals: Results of the "Probio-HIV" Clinical Trial.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Administration of Panobinostat Is Associated with Increased IL-17A mRNA in the Intestinal Epithelium of HIV-1 Patients.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Trial
- Initiation of ART during early acute HIV infection preserves mucosal Th17 function and reverses HIV-related immune activation.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Decreases in colonic and systemic inflammation in chronic HIV infection after IL-7 administration.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- CD151 identifies a cytotoxic CD4 T cell population enriched in people with HIV that later develop cancer.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Microbiota-derived 10-hydroxystearic acid activates PPARα to restore gut epithelial barrier integrity and enhance anti-retroviral therapy.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- HPV genotype distribution and risk factors for cervical dysplasia among HPV-positive women with or without HIV infection in Shanghai, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis: Interconnections Between Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction, and Viral Persistence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 infection in an immunocompetent monkey model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maintenance of intestinal CX3CR1Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dynamics of natural and pharmacologic control of an SIV variant with an envelope trafficking defect.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic profiling of rectal and adipose HIV-1 reservoirs relative to matched PBMCs in ART-treated individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gestational and lactational exposure to HIV tri-combination therapy induces sex- and dose-dependent changes in inflammatory cytokine profiles, intestinal permeability, and villi morphology in adult rat offspring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
411 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) harbors the majority of T lymphocytes in the body and is an important target for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We analyzed longitudinal jejunal biopsy samples from HIV-1-infected patients, during both primary and chronic stages of HIV-1 infection, prior to and following the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to determine the onset of CD4(+) T-cell depletion and the effect of HAART on the restoration of CD4(+) T cells in GALT. Severe depletion of intestinal CD4(+) T cells occurred during primary HIV-1 infection. Our results showed that the restoration of intestinal CD4(+) T cells following HAART in chronically HIV-1-infected patients was substantially delayed and incomplete. In contrast, initiation of HAART during early stages of infection resulted in near-complete restoration of intestinal CD4(+) T cells, despite the delay in comparison to peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell recovery. DNA microarray analysis of gene expression profiles and flow-cytometric analysis of lymphocyte homing and cell proliferation markers demonstrated that cell trafficking to GALT and not local proliferation contributed to CD4(+) T-cell restoration. Evaluation of jejunal biopsy samples from long-term HIV-1-infected nonprogressors showed maintenance of normal CD4(+) T-cell levels in both GALT and peripheral blood. Our results demonstrate that near-complete restoration of mucosal immune system can be achieved by initiating HAART early in HIV-1 infection. Monitoring of the restoration and/or maintenance of CD4(+) T cells in GALT provides a more accurate assessment of the efficacy of antiviral host immune responses as well as HAART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.