ArticleJournal of virology2003
CpG DNA induces protective antiviral immune responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical decellularization of fish skin utilizing electrical fields.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Review
- Effectiveness of dietary heat-killed Bacillus subtilis harboring plasmid containing 60 copies of CpG-ODN 1668 against Vibrio harveyi in Penaeus vannamei.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Review
- CpG-ODN induced antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks involves a substantial shift in serum metabolic profiles.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- CpG-ODN Induces a Dose-Dependent Enrichment of Immunological Niches in the Spleen and Lungs of Neonatal Chicks That Correlates with the Protective Immunity againstJournal of immunology research · 2020Article
- Article
- Synthetic CpG-ODN rapidly enriches immune compartments in neonatal chicks to induce protective immunity against bacterial infections.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Immunostimulatory Activities of CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides in Teleosts: Toll-Like Receptors 9 and 21.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) vs. VHSV (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus): A Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2016Review
- Transcriptome profiles associated to VHSV infection or DNA vaccination in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).PloS one · 2014Article
- Construction of an immunostimulatory plasmid, pUCpGs10, and research on its immune adjuvant effect.Molecular biotechnology · 2013Article
- CpG oligonucleotides bind TLR9 and RRM-containing proteins in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).BMC immunology · 2013Article
- The MSHA strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa activated TLR pathway and enhanced HIV-1 DNA vaccine immunoreactivity.PloS one · 2012Article
- IPNV with high and low virulence: host immune responses and viral mutations during infection.Virology journal · 2011Article
- Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides activate head kidney leukocytes of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2010Article
- Immunological control of fish diseases.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2010Review
- Innate immune defenses induced by CpG do not promote vaccine-induced protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within specific sequence contexts (CpG motifs) are detected, like bacterial or viral DNA, as a danger signal by the vertebrate immune system. CpG ODN show promise as vaccine adjuvants and immunoprotective agents in animal models. Here we report that pretreatment with CpG ODN in animals induces nonspecific protection against viral infection. A panel of different synthetic CpG ODN was tested for the in vitro effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) leukocytes. The ODN were tested for their capacity to stimulate proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes and to induce production of interferon-like factors in head kidney leukocytes. These studies revealed that the sequence and number of the CpG motifs as well as the lengths of the ODN contribute to their stimulatory activity. ODN with the 6-mer CpG motif (5'-GTCGTT-3') showed the highest stimulatory activity and were shown to induce protection against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus when injected in Atlantic salmon. Expression of the Mx transcript, as an indicator of alpha/beta interferon induction, was induced in the CpG-injected fish. These results suggest that CpG DNA in fish induces early, nonspecific antiviral protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.